There are many ways of having a discussion. Let’s look at some: 讨论的⽅式多种多样。让我们来看看以下例⼦：


• Formal – The chairperson leads and the discussion can be round a committee table, using a flipchart or whiteboard


• 正式——主持⼈主导，所有⼈围着会议桌参与讨论，使⽤活⻚挂纸或⽩板辅助沟通


• Buzz groups – Set the aim and send them off into small groups. The chairperson checks each group is on track


• ⾮正式⼩组——设定⽬标，然后⼤家分成⼏个⼩组。主持⼈检查每个⼩组是否正确开展


• Informal – Like a structured conversation. Very informal, it could be with coffee, but thoughts are recorded and used going forward


• ⾮正式——形式偏向于有结构的谈话。完全⾮正式，可以边喝咖啡边谈，但是谈话的内容会被记录下来以后使⽤。


Briefing and Debriefing 简述与总结


Sailing Instructors teaching in double-handed boats can begin teaching their students as soon as they move to the dinghy. This will continue when they go afloat. However, a different approach will be required if teaching in single handers or as your students advance their skills, as input will need to have been provided before they go afloat.


在使⽤双⼈船教学时，教练在和学员来到船旁的那⼀刻起就能开始教学，⽽且在⽔上也能继续。不过，如果使⽤单⼈船或学员 的技术有了明显提⾼，则需要采⽤不同的⽅式。因为在学员下⽔前就要讲清楚训练内容。


Teaching and coaching becomes instantly easier with a good brief before the task. An effective debrief or feedback given afterwards makes for a successful session.


在训练开始前，做好课前简述，能使教学和指导更容易。在训练后，⾼效的总结或反馈能进⼀步巩固训练的成功。


Creating Effective Conversations 进⾏有效对话


Coaching conversations are more than simply asking questions or giving feedback. They help the learner make sense of what they just did.


指导对话不仅仅是简单地问问题或给与反馈，它能帮助学员认识到⾃⼰操作的意义。


If a student fails to perform a task successfully, Instructors and Coaches need to consider whether they would benefit from a coaching conversation or be better off just having another go. This may give them the opportunity to develop themselves – an equally powerful way of learning.


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