要记住很重要的⼀点是，学习障碍的表现形式有很多。对有些⼈来说，是阅读和写作能⼒的问题；有的则是因为对周围环境不 熟悉，从⽽产⽣不确定感⽽导致焦虑，这种情况会使个⼈更加勇于⾯对挑战或变得孤僻和/或苦恼。因此，我们对个体学习障碍 了解得越多，就越知道怎么去改善并提⾼我们的教学。


By adopting a ‘Person-centred approach’, where each individual is treated uniquely, we are able to consider how support can be provided, consider and incorporate the preferences and needs of an individual, and work with their strengths and abilities to enable them to achieve their full potential. Here is how we can achieve this ‘Person-centred approach’:


坚持“以⼈为本”，平等对待每个⼈，我们能更好地思考如何帮助他⼈，结合个⼈的偏好和需要，发扬他们的优势和能⼒，帮助 他们充分发挥⾃⼰的全部潜能。以下是我们实现“以⼈为本”的⽅法：


• Communicate with the individual: Ask them what their likes and dislikes are, what are their preferred communication styles, which situations might make them feel anxious or scared


• 单⼈沟通：询问他们喜欢什么不喜欢什么，倾向于什么沟通⽅式，什么情景会使他们感到紧张或害怕


• Be empathetic: Have an appreciation of the individual’s needs and abilities in terms of social interaction and activities. Empower them to make their own decisions


• 共情：根据他们的社交和活动，理解他们的需求和能⼒。给与帮助和⽀持，让他们能够⾃⼰做决定


• Take an active interest in the person themselves: This will enable you to learn about and work with them on their preferences


• 积极地了解他⼈：有助于你了解他们的偏好，并且更好地⽤他们喜欢的⽅式⽀持他们


• Create learning environments: Structure and routine often assist many individuals through predictability and making the world feel like a safer, more accessible place. Therefore, knowledge of timings, as well as what is happening when, is important, as is sticking to those plans. Creating this environment will enable individuals to feel calmer while learning


• 创造学习环境：结构和流程化通常能够帮助⼤多数⼈，让他们能够预测事情的发⽣，从⽽感觉世界更安全，更亲近。 所以，告知学员课程开展的具体时间以及内容，并且按计划执⾏⾮常重要。创造这样的学习环境能够让他们更冷静地


学习


• Consider a ‘Transitional Booklet’: This could be a great resource to introduce to your centre. It won’t be required by everyone, but it will enable groups to talk and gain understanding about what they are going to do for those who will benefit. The booklet can talk about who they are going to meet, their names and what they look like, the centre, and what the centre looks like and the facilities (entrance, reception, changing rooms, toilets etc.). It can also describe what is involved in going afloat, the boats, safety boats, and the sailing area. A video version could also make a great resource for individuals or groups to watch prior to their visit, or recap afterwards


• 考虑提供介绍⼿册：⾮常适合⽤于培训中⼼的介绍。虽然不是⼈⼈都需要，但是它能促进团体的相互交流，理解他们 要为学员所做的事情。⼿册⾥可以包含课程参与⼈员、他们的姓名、样貌、培训中⼼的全貌和设施（⼊⼝、前台、更


⾐室、洗⼿间等）。还可以涵盖⽔上练习的相关内容、船型、安全艇和航⾏区域。⽤视频的⽅式来介绍对个⼈或团队 也很有价值，他们可以在到达前进⾏观看，或在课程后⽤于回顾


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