• An individual may also carry identification, such as ‘Autism Cards’, with them • 有的学员可能会随身携带个⼈说明，例如，“⾃闭症信息卡”


• Remember, the extent to which the condition affects an individual determines the nature of the challenges faced, and the support and/or care required, as well as their ability to ‘function’ in terms of ability to learn, communication, social skills, and self-help strategies


• 记住：学习障碍对个⼈的影响决定了课程的难度，学员所需的⽀持和/或关爱，以及他们“正常发挥”学习、沟通、社交 和⾃我帮助的能⼒


Many individuals have a range of conditions. For example, an individual with autism may have difficulty with social interactions, understanding and showing emotion, communication, and a tendency to engage in obsessive and repetitive behaviour. The term ‘autism’ is an umbrella term, and therefore additionally understanding the term ‘spectrum condition’ helps us to appreciate the range of characteristics an individual may have, as well as the severity. Further information on this area can be found on the RYA Training Support site.


⼤多数⼈都有⼀些个⼈情况。例如，有⾃闭症的⼈可能有社交障碍，⽆法理解并表现出⾃⼰的情绪，沟通困难，有沉迷和重复 ⼀些⾏为的情况。“⾃闭”是⼀个很笼统的说法，如果能够更详细地理解“谱系障碍”的相关信息，可以帮助我们更好地认识个性特 征范围以及严重性。更多关于该领域的信息，可查询“RYA培训⽀持”⻚⾯。


Not all individuals will have formal diagnoses of a specific type of learning condition. Others may not be completely aware, and for some there is a reluctance to seek one, perhaps due to fear; denial from the parents or the individuals themselves; concerns of labelling; stigma associated with special education, or simply the emotional impact of such a diagnosis.


不是所有⼈都会针对特定的学习障碍接受正式的诊断。有的⼈可能是完全没有意识到，⽽有些⼈则是不想⾯对，或许是因为恐 惧⽗⺟的不认可或⾃我否认，害怕被贴上与特殊教育相关的“标签”或污名，或者仅仅是这种诊断会造成的情绪影响。


The benefit of a diagnosis for both the individual and ourselves, if carried out correctly, is the help it provides with self-management strategies as well as accessing support, from both formal and informal sources. Knowing if an individual is diagnosed will assist us in the provision of tuition, understanding the effect the condition has on the individual’s learning, and providing any adaptations to ensure an effective learning environment.


对个⼈和我们⾃身来说，如果妥善处理，该诊断可以帮助我们改善⾃我管理策略，并且获得正式和⾮正式的⽀持。知道学员是 否有学习障碍，有助于我们进⾏教学准备，理解这⼀情况对学员学习的影响，从⽽改善教学，确保为学员提供⼀个⾼效的学习 环境。


What Adaptations Can We Make? 我们可以进⾏哪些改善？


It is important to remember that learning conditions come in many different forms. For some it’s in their ability to read and write, while in others unfamiliar surroundings can cause anxiety due to uncertainty, which can lead to challenging behaviour or an individual becoming withdrawn and/or distressed. Therefore, the more we understand about an individual with a learning condition, the more we can adapt and in turn assist and enhance the experience we provide.


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