NATURALS 73
analysis is reported as follows: * p<0.05, ** p<0.01, *** p<0.001.
Sat thickness on thighs: results Recorded data (Fig 4) showed that, after 14 days, both formulas were able to reduce the thickness of SAT on thighs with a slight difference (p> 0.05). After 28 days of treatment, the product
with Citrus bergamia extract caused a mean reduction of SAT thickness of 0.45 mm, whereas the placebo reduced the mean SAT thickness of 0.16 mm (p< 0.01). Bergamot flavonoids were able to boosts the activity of the formulation of more than 180% by average. After 56 days of treatment, the active
formula caused a mean decrease of SAT thickness on thighs of 0.56 mm, whereas the mean value for the placebo formula was 0.19 mm (p< 0.01). The presence of Citrus bergamia extract
in the formula increased the activity of about 195% on average.
Sat thickness on gluteus: results Data (Fig 5) showed that, after 14 days of treatment, there is no statistically significant difference between the two formulas (p > 0.05), which are both able to reduce the SAT thickness on gluteus. The better activity of the active formula became evident after 28 days, when it is recorded a mean reduction of SAT thickness on gluteus of -0.47 mm, whereas the placebo caused a reduction of -0.21 mm (p< 0.01). These data highlight that bergamot juice extract is capable of increase the activity of the basal formula of more than 123%. After 56 days of treatment, active
formula reduced the SAT thickness of 0.59 mm on average, whereas the placebo formula of 0.23 mm (p< 0.001). Bergamot juice extract increased the
efficacy of the placebo formula of more than 156.5% on average.
Sat thickness on hips: results Collected data (Fig 6) on hips reported a slight difference between the activities of the two formulas after 14 days (p> 0.05). A more evident discrepancy is recorded after 28 days. In fact, the formula with Citrus bergamia extract decreased the SAT thickness on hips of 0.4 mm on average, a value higher than placebo’s of more than 340% (0.09 mm), p< 0.001. In 56 days of treatment, active formula decreased the SAT thickness on hips on average of 0.49 mm versus 0.17 mm recorded for the placebo (p< 0.001). Active formula was almost three times more efficient than placebo.
SAT thickness on arms: results Measurements on arms (Fig 7) highlighted a slight difference between the active formula and the placebo after 14 days (p> 0.05).
April 2019
Mean reduction of SAT thickness on hips Time (dd)
0
-0.1 -0.2 -0.3 -0.4 -0.5 -0.6
T14 -0.1 -0.19 T28 -0.09 -0.17 T56
reduced thigh girth on average by – 0.42 cm and up to -1.6 cm (45% showed a reduction ranged from 0.5 and 1.6 cm). On the contrary, placebo formula reduced thigh girth on average by -0.14 cm and up to 0.7 cm. Mean values are statistically different (p< 0.01).
After 56 days, the mean decrease of -0.4*** -0.49** Placebo Citrus bergamia ext.
Figure 6: The graph reports the mean variation versus T0 at each checkpoint for the SAT thickness on hips.
After 28 days, the active formula is more
effective than the placebo, with a mean reduction of 0.20 mm versus 0.06 mm of the placebo (p< 0.05). Therefore, the contribution of Citrus bergamia extract is higher than 230%. The maximum values collected are -0.80 mm (active formula) and - 0.30 mm (placebo).
Results after 56 days showed that the
mean reduction of the SAT thickness was of 0.25 mm in the active-treated arms and 0.11 mm in the placebo-treated arms (p< 0.05). The maximum values were, respectively, - 0.90 mm and -0.60 mm. The presence of the active extract in formula increased the mean activity of more than 127%.
Effect of Citrus bergamiaextract on thigh and arm circumference Design
Thighs and arms circumference (sum and synergy of the product effect on oedema and on the fat layer) was measured using a tape-measure placed around the thigh and the arm in the area of their maximum thickness. The repositioning of the measure-tape is ensured by standardisation of the measurement process (recording of repere points).
Collected data were compared to T0 and the variation was expressed in cm.
Circumference measurement: results on thighs
After 14 days, it was recorded a mean reduction of the thigh circumference of - 0.19 cm in the active-treated thigh and of - 0.08 cm in the placebo-treated thigh (p< 0.05).
Data highlighted that in 70% of the panellists, treated with bergamot extract- containing formula, thigh contour decreased in a range between 0.2 and 0.5 cm, whereas only 55% of the panellists, treated with placebo, reported a decrease, which ranged from -0.1 to -0.4 cm. After 28 days, the active formula
thigh circumference is -0.48 cm in the active-treated thigh and -0.22 cm in the placebo-treated thigh (p< 0.05). Moreover, the formula with bergamot juice extract caused a reduction of thigh contour ranged from 0.4 and 1.6 cm in 60% of volunteers.
Circumference measurement: results on arms A 14 day-treatment, led to a mean reduction of 0.13 cm in the active-treated arms, and of 0.065 cm in the placebo-treated arms (p< 0.05). The maximal reduction recorded was -0.6 cm and -0.3 cm, respectively. The mean reduction produced by the
treatment with Citrus bergamia at 1.5% was two times higher than the placebo one. After 28 days, volunteers lost an average of 0.155 cm on the active-treated arms and 0.025 cm on the placebo-treated arms (p< 0.05) and the maximum decrease recorded was 0.80 and 0.30 cm, respectively. Panellists’ arms, treated with Citrus
bergamia extract, had results six times better than those treated with placebo. After 56 days, the decrease of arm contour was on average -0.24 cm in the arms treated with Citrus bergamia extract and -0.070 cm for the placebo-treated arms (p< 0.05). The mean reduction produced by the
active formula was more than three times higher than the placebo one.
Effect of Citrus bergamiaextract on skin elasticity Design
Skin elasticity was evaluated on thighs, gluteus and arms through the Cutometer MPA 580. R0, R2 and R6 parameters were measured. R0 is correlated to skin firmness. It is the
skin’s capability to oppose gravity. The lower the value, the firmer the skin. R2 (gross or overall elasticity) represents the ability of the skin to return to its basal state. The higher the value, the better is the elasticity.
R6 parameter represents the viscoelastic part of skin deformation and is related to the displacement of interstitial fluid throughout the fibrous network. A reduction of R6 means an increase of interstitial viscosity as result of less water accumulation, therefore the elasticity increases.
Results
On R0 parameter, at each time point, the formula with Citrus bergamia extract exerted a higher activity than placebo. In
PERSONAL CARE EUROPE
Variation vs T0
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