SKIN CARE 35
Stem cell activation for a V-shaped face
Franziska Wandrey, Daniel Schmid, Fred Zülli – Mibelle Biochemistry, Switzerland
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) reside in many different tissues, including the subdermal adipose tissue. They are multipotent precursors of many different cell types, although they are morphologically and characteristically highly similar to fibroblasts.1
Interestingly, MSCs were shown
to improve and accelerate various regeneration processes such as cutaneous wound healing. Even more notably, it has been shown that mainly the MSCs themselves are not needed for this process but rather a cell-to-cell signalling mechanism deriving from MSCs that promotes proliferation, migration and collagen production of dermal fibroblasts. This beneficial signalling from MSCs to fibroblasts has recently been shown to occur through vesicles called exosomes.2-4
Cell-to-cell communication via exosomes Exosomes are small, approximately 100 nm vesicles that are surrounded by a membrane, and which contain messenger molecules such as RNA, DNA proteins and lipids.5
Exosomes are Abstract
As we age, the production of collagen and elastin is reduced, which results in sagging skin that can most notably be observed at the face contours of the jawline. Mesenchymal stem cells have been shown to improve collagen production and regenerate the skin, for example during wound healing. These processes are mediated by vesicles known as exosomes which are produced and secreted by these stem cells. A novel active ingredient based on goji plant stem cells was shown to improve the stemness of aged mesenchymal stem cells as well as increase exosome signalling by mesenchymal stem cells, which in turn improves extracellular matrix production in fibroblasts. The improved extracellular matrix rejuvenates the skin by improving skin density, reducing wrinkles and reshaping the face for an improved V-shape of the face..
They can be as durable as viruses and can maintain their vesicle integrity even under deformation stress.6
formed in so-called multivesicular bodies (MVBs) derived from endosomes of the donor cell. The MVBs fuse with the plasma membrane of the donor cell to release the exosomes into the extracellular space. The exosomes are then taken up by the recipient cell through a variety of mechanisms, including direct membrane fusion, release their cargo into the recipient cell, which induces various cellular pathways (Fig 1). The topic of exosomes is quite new; while in 2006 there were less than 100 scientific articles on this subject, there were more than 9,000 scientific articles in 2018.7
This underlines the
unquestionable relevance of this relatively new field. Not surprisingly, exosomes are currently being heavily investigated for their diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.8 In the skin, exosomes have been shown to be involved in cutaneous immunity, pigmentation and the aforementioned skin repair and regeneration through MSC
April 2019
Figure 1: Schematic illustration of exosome signalling between mesenchymal stem cells and fibroblasts. signalling.6 By rejuvenating MSCs, which can
produce new adipocytes to fill the skin from inside, and by boosting exosome-mediated collagen production in fibroblasts, facial sagging of the skin could be reduced and a defined jawline, also called V-shape of the face, could be achieved.
Goji – the superfruit Goji (Lycium barbarum) plants are native to
south east Europe and Asia. They belong to the nightshade family just like tomatoes and potatoes and grow up to 3 metres high. The red-orange goji berries harvested from this plant are one of the most famous super fruits. According to a legend, goji berries were first discovered by a Buddhist monk and the monks who incorporated them into their diets lived longer than those who did not. For hundreds of years, goji berries have been
PERSONAL CARE EUROPE
Page 1 |
Page 2 |
Page 3 |
Page 4 |
Page 5 |
Page 6 |
Page 7 |
Page 8 |
Page 9 |
Page 10 |
Page 11 |
Page 12 |
Page 13 |
Page 14 |
Page 15 |
Page 16 |
Page 17 |
Page 18 |
Page 19 |
Page 20 |
Page 21 |
Page 22 |
Page 23 |
Page 24 |
Page 25 |
Page 26 |
Page 27 |
Page 28 |
Page 29 |
Page 30 |
Page 31 |
Page 32 |
Page 33 |
Page 34 |
Page 35 |
Page 36 |
Page 37 |
Page 38 |
Page 39 |
Page 40 |
Page 41 |
Page 42 |
Page 43 |
Page 44 |
Page 45 |
Page 46 |
Page 47 |
Page 48 |
Page 49 |
Page 50 |
Page 51 |
Page 52 |
Page 53 |
Page 54 |
Page 55 |
Page 56 |
Page 57 |
Page 58 |
Page 59 |
Page 60 |
Page 61 |
Page 62 |
Page 63 |
Page 64 |
Page 65 |
Page 66 |
Page 67 |
Page 68 |
Page 69 |
Page 70 |
Page 71 |
Page 72 |
Page 73 |
Page 74 |
Page 75 |
Page 76 |
Page 77 |
Page 78 |
Page 79 |
Page 80 |
Page 81 |
Page 82 |
Page 83 |
Page 84 |
Page 85 |
Page 86 |
Page 87 |
Page 88 |
Page 89 |
Page 90 |
Page 91 |
Page 92 |
Page 93 |
Page 94 |
Page 95 |
Page 96 |
Page 97 |
Page 98 |
Page 99 |
Page 100 |
Page 101 |
Page 102 |
Page 103 |
Page 104 |
Page 105 |
Page 106 |
Page 107 |
Page 108 |
Page 109 |
Page 110 |
Page 111 |
Page 112 |
Page 113 |
Page 114 |
Page 115 |
Page 116 |
Page 117 |
Page 118 |
Page 119 |
Page 120 |
Page 121 |
Page 122 |
Page 123 |
Page 124 |
Page 125 |
Page 126 |
Page 127 |
Page 128 |
Page 129 |
Page 130 |
Page 131 |
Page 132 |
Page 133 |
Page 134 |
Page 135 |
Page 136 |
Page 137 |
Page 138 |
Page 139 |
Page 140 |
Page 141 |
Page 142 |
Page 143 |
Page 144 |
Page 145 |
Page 146 |
Page 147 |
Page 148 |
Page 149 |
Page 150 |
Page 151 |
Page 152 |
Page 153 |
Page 154 |
Page 155 |
Page 156 |
Page 157 |
Page 158 |
Page 159 |
Page 160 |
Page 161 |
Page 162 |
Page 163 |
Page 164 |
Page 165 |
Page 166 |
Page 167 |
Page 168 |
Page 169 |
Page 170 |
Page 171 |
Page 172 |
Page 173 |
Page 174 |
Page 175 |
Page 176 |
Page 177 |
Page 178 |
Page 179 |
Page 180 |
Page 181 |
Page 182 |
Page 183 |
Page 184 |
Page 185 |
Page 186 |
Page 187 |
Page 188
