38 SKIN CARE *p<0.05 versus initial conditions 8 6 4 2 After 28 days 0  Placebo  0.4% Goji stem cell active


Figure 9: Improvement of oval face shape after 28 days treatment with 0.4% goji stem cell active.


Stimulation of extracellular matrix genes through cell-to-cell communication After demonstrating the effect on exosome production in MSCs, it was investigated as to whether MSCs treated with goji stem cell extract are able to communicate with fibroblasts in order to produce more extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. For this purpose, human MSCs were treated with 1% goji stem cell extract. The supernatant, which includes soluble factors as well as exosomes (“conditioned medium”), was added to fibroblasts for a period of 24 hours. Fibroblasts treated with medium from untreated MSCs served as the control. Results showed that the conditioned medium from goji stem cell extract-treated MSCs increased the gene expression of several ECM factors such as collagen 3 and 16 and elastin (Fig 4). PLOD1 is crucial for collagen production, while LOX (lysyl oxidase) connects collagen and elastin to ensure more stability and elasticity. The direct treatment of the fibroblasts did not have the same effect. Therefore, the goji stem cell active improves cell-to-cell communication between MSCs and fibroblasts.


Improvement of wrinkle depth and skin density in photoaged skin In a clinical study with twenty-three Caucasian women aged between 41 and 69 years (mean age: 56 years) who displayed signs of photoageing, applied a cream containing 0.4% goji stem cell active and the corresponding placebo cream for two months. After 28 days, a significant improvement of skin density could be observed via ultrasonic measurements for the treatment with the goji stem cell active (Fig 5). The collagen and elastic fibre structure of an intact dermis yields many reflections from the ultrasonic wave that are visible as bright colours in the


PERSONAL CARE EUROPE


Figure 10: Visibly improved V-shape of the face after 28 days treatment with 0.4% goji stem cell active.


ultrasonographic image. However, disruption to this regular architecture leads to weaker reflections and dark patches, as can be seen in the ultrasonographic image at Day 0. These so-called subepidermal low-echogenic bands (SLEB) are commonly found in aged and photodamaged skin. The SLEB could be reduced after 28 days treatment with 0.4% goji stem cell active (Fig 6). Furthermore, after 56 days, a significant decrease in wrinkle depth in the crow’s feet area could be measured (Fig 7). Notably, not only fine wrinkles below the eye appeared smoother (see upper panel in Fig 8), but deeper lines were also visibly improved (see lower panel in Fig 8).


Improvement of the oval face shape Sixty-seven Caucasian women aged between 39 and 70 years (average age 57 years) with sagging facial skin were split into two groups. One group applied a cream with 0.4 % goji stem cell active and the other group applied the corresponding placebo cream on the entire face and neck twice daily for 28 days. The facial sagging and oval face shape was determined by image analysis of the pictures of the volunteers’ faces. Results showed that treatment for four weeks with 0.4 % goji stem cell active significantly improved the oval face shape compared to initial conditions (Fig 9). The improved V- shape of the face was also visible in the pictures of the jawline (Fig 10). This demonstrates that the goji stem cell active is indeed able to reduce facial sagging and improve the facial V-shape.


Conclusion


The novel active ingredient based on goji plant stem cells was shown to maintain the stemness of aged mesenchymal stem cells, to increase their exosome production and consequentially the production of collagen


and elastin by fibroblasts. In placebo controlled clinical studies, treatment with the goji stem cell active significantly improved skin density and wrinkle depth. Furthermore, a significant improvement of oval face shape through reduced sagging of facial contours was observed. Therefore, the goji stem cell active rejuvenates the skin from inside out for an improved V-shaped face.


PC


References 1 RA Denu Nemcek S, Bloom DD, et al. Fibroblasts and Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells are Phenotypically Indistinguishable. Acta Haematol. 2016; 136(2): 85–97


2 J Zhang, Guan J, Niu X, et al. Exosomes released from human induced pluripotent stem cells-derived MSCs facilitate cutaneous wound healing by promoting collagen synthesis and angiogenesis. Journal of Translational Medicine 2015; 13: 49


3 L Hu, et al. Exosomes derived from human adipose mensenchymal stem cells accelerates cutaneous wound healing via optimizing the characteristics of fibroblasts. Sci Rep. 2016; 6: 32993


4 EW Choi, Seo MK, Woo EY, et al. Exosomes from human adipose derived stem cells promote proliferation and migration of skin fibroblasts. Exp Dermatol. 2018; (10): 1170-1172


5 Raposo G, Stoorvogel W. Extracellular vesicles: Exosomes, microvesicles, and friends. J Cell Biol. 2013; 200(4): 373-83


6 McBride JD, Rodriguez-Menocal L, Badiavas EV. Extracellular Vesicles as Biomarkers and Therapeutics in Dermatology: A Focus on Exosomes. J Invest Dermatol. 2017; 137(8): 1622-1629


7 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed, search term exosome


8 RS Conlan et al. Exosomes as reconfigurable therapeutic systems. Trends Mol Med. 2017; 23(7): 636-650


April 2019 * Before


Decrease in neck/submandibular triangle area compared to initial condtions in %


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