SKIN PROTECTION 131
Improved cell nucleus health with moss cell technology
Franziska Wandrey, Daniel Schmid, Bernhard Henes, Fred Zülli – Mibelle Biochemistry, Switzerland
Higher organisms such as plants and animals are complexes of eukaryotic cells. A hallmark for eukaryotic cells is the presence of a cell nucleus. This organelle contains the DNA, the blueprint of the cell and is therefore considered the control center of the cell. It is surrounded by a membrane called the nuclear envelope, which contains holes, the nuclear pores, through which traffic into and out of the nucleus takes place (Fig 1). Only small molecules can freely diffuse through the nuclear pore complexes, larger molecules such as proteins and messenger RNA complexes need to be actively transported to reach their destination. This transport process is highly complex: In a single human cell, there can be up to 5000 nuclear pore complexes and each can transport 1000 molecules per second.1, 2
This means that in
one cell, up to 5 million molecules are transported into and out of the nucleus every second.
A timely transport of signalling molecules is crucial for the adaptation of cells to fast changes such as in temperature and humidity. This is especially true for skin cells who are in close contact with the environment. As we age, the transport becomes less efficient and less selective3 which can lead to less resilient skin. For a long time it was believed that the function of the cell nucleus is merely DNA storage and that the nuclear envelope is just a hull that contains the genetic material. This is far from the truth: recent research on premature ageing diseases has shown that the correct composition of the nuclear envelope is essential for the maintenance of nuclear shape, DNA stability, and regulated gene expression. Maintaining the proper stability and shape of the nucleus as well as ensuring an efficient nucleocytoplasmic transport can be summarised as the topic of cell nucleus health.
Mosses: the first plants on earth About 470 million years ago mosses were one of the first plants that moved out of the water and conquered the earth.4
Mosses
possess no vertical roots and have a high April 2018
Abstract
Mosses were among the first plants that conquered the land and they used their extraordinary adaptation abilities to survive from the prehistoric age until the present day. To harvest the resilient properties of moss, an innovative moss cell technology was used to grow moss cells as a culture in the lab. Latest research has shown that the moss active contributes to ‘cell nucleus health’, a novel anti-ageing concept. The cell nucleus does not only contain the cell’s DNA but is also involved in regulating important cellular processes. Efficient transport of molecules into and out of the cell nucleus is crucial for adapting to the ever-changing environment. In vitro studies have shown that the moss extract improves expression of cell nucleus health markers in aged cells and helps skin adapt to climatic changes. In a placebo controlled clinical study with women that are exposed to daily temperature changes in the summer, the moss active significantly improved skin hydration, barrier and homogeneity after just two weeks for a more resilient skin.
Figure 1: Schematic illustration of the components of the cell nucleus.
surface area which makes it difficult to replenish the lost water and nutrients from the soil. Therefore, mosses filter nutrients from the air and rain which makes them susceptible to accumulating pollutants such as heavy metals. In order to cope with the oxidative stress from pollution, mosses developed a particular anti-pollution matrix with a large set of antioxidants.5
The
development of a specialised adaptation strategy was also needed for mosses to inhabit various climatic regions.6
They are
Biotechnology to grow moss in the lab Although resilient, mosses grow slowly and
PERSONAL CARE EUROPE
masters in water retention, rehydration, fast recovery and cold resistance. It has recently been shown that mosses are even able to continue to grow after being frozen for 1500 years in permafrost.7
The molecules
that enable such a resilience of the moss are certainly of high interest for the cosmetic industry.
Page 1 |
Page 2 |
Page 3 |
Page 4 |
Page 5 |
Page 6 |
Page 7 |
Page 8 |
Page 9 |
Page 10 |
Page 11 |
Page 12 |
Page 13 |
Page 14 |
Page 15 |
Page 16 |
Page 17 |
Page 18 |
Page 19 |
Page 20 |
Page 21 |
Page 22 |
Page 23 |
Page 24 |
Page 25 |
Page 26 |
Page 27 |
Page 28 |
Page 29 |
Page 30 |
Page 31 |
Page 32 |
Page 33 |
Page 34 |
Page 35 |
Page 36 |
Page 37 |
Page 38 |
Page 39 |
Page 40 |
Page 41 |
Page 42 |
Page 43 |
Page 44 |
Page 45 |
Page 46 |
Page 47 |
Page 48 |
Page 49 |
Page 50 |
Page 51 |
Page 52 |
Page 53 |
Page 54 |
Page 55 |
Page 56 |
Page 57 |
Page 58 |
Page 59 |
Page 60 |
Page 61 |
Page 62 |
Page 63 |
Page 64 |
Page 65 |
Page 66 |
Page 67 |
Page 68 |
Page 69 |
Page 70 |
Page 71 |
Page 72 |
Page 73 |
Page 74 |
Page 75 |
Page 76 |
Page 77 |
Page 78 |
Page 79 |
Page 80 |
Page 81 |
Page 82 |
Page 83 |
Page 84 |
Page 85 |
Page 86 |
Page 87 |
Page 88 |
Page 89 |
Page 90 |
Page 91 |
Page 92 |
Page 93 |
Page 94 |
Page 95 |
Page 96 |
Page 97 |
Page 98 |
Page 99 |
Page 100 |
Page 101 |
Page 102 |
Page 103 |
Page 104 |
Page 105 |
Page 106 |
Page 107 |
Page 108 |
Page 109 |
Page 110 |
Page 111 |
Page 112 |
Page 113 |
Page 114 |
Page 115 |
Page 116 |
Page 117 |
Page 118 |
Page 119 |
Page 120 |
Page 121 |
Page 122 |
Page 123 |
Page 124 |
Page 125 |
Page 126 |
Page 127 |
Page 128 |
Page 129 |
Page 130 |
Page 131 |
Page 132 |
Page 133 |
Page 134 |
Page 135 |
Page 136 |
Page 137 |
Page 138 |
Page 139 |
Page 140 |
Page 141 |
Page 142 |
Page 143 |
Page 144 |
Page 145 |
Page 146 |
Page 147 |
Page 148 |
Page 149 |
Page 150 |
Page 151 |
Page 152 |
Page 153 |
Page 154 |
Page 155 |
Page 156 |
Page 157 |
Page 158 |
Page 159 |
Page 160 |
Page 161 |
Page 162 |
Page 163 |
Page 164 |
Page 165 |
Page 166 |
Page 167 |
Page 168 |
Page 169 |
Page 170 |
Page 171 |
Page 172 |
Page 173 |
Page 174 |
Page 175 |
Page 176 |
Page 177 |
Page 178 |
Page 179 |
Page 180 |
Page 181 |
Page 182 |
Page 183 |
Page 184
