SKIN PROTECTION 117
PVP–wrapped fullerenes as skin protection
Mio Murakami – Vitamin C60 BioResearch Corporation, Japan
Rough skin is an important cosmetic problem. Rough skin appears to have dullness, uneven colour, and rough texture. Rough skin is caused by a fragile stratum corneum, which results from exposure to the ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun, external antigens, toxic chemicals, diseases, and stress. More UV rays and external stimulus are transmitted to the epidermis and more water loss occurs from the fragile stratum corneum. These cumulative damages lead to rough skin (Fig 1). Thus, preventing rough skin to maintain good stratum corneum is important. Ingredients such as humectants, which have a water- holding property or water-absorbing property, and emollients, which have occlusive effects on skin, traditionally have been used to prevent rough skin. The outermost surface of the body is
covered by the stratum corneum, which is an effective barrier essential for preventing epidermal water loss and impeding the entry of external stimulus. The stratum corneum comprises layered cornified cells produced by the terminal differentiation of keratinocytes and intercellular lipids. These cornified cells are covered by a highly insoluble envelope, called the cornified envelope, which is composed of binding a number of proteins catalysed by transglutaminase.1 The free radical theory of ageing has
recently been among the most widely accepted theories explaining the causes of ageing. The small proline-rich proteins have an antioxidant effect in the cornified envelope. Antioxidant defence in the stratum corneum has been shown to be important to prevent rough skin. Fullerene molecules have been reported
to react to a number of radicals, and the radical adduct was stable. This means that fullerene absorbs, eliminates, and detoxifies free radicals.2
If we could use fullerene as
a cosmetic agent, it may be useful as an antioxidant anti-ageing ingredient. Despite the low solubility of fullerenes in water, we were successful in stably creating polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-wrapped fullerenes, and, thus, we developed the
April 2018 Abstract
Rough skin, which occurs because of barrier disruption, is one of the most important cosmetic problems. The outermost surface of the body is covered by the stratum corneum, which is an effective barrier essential for preventing epidermal water loss and impeding the entry of external stimulus. The stratum corneum comprises layered cornified cells produced by the terminal differentiation of keratinocytes and intercellular lipids. Whether Radical Sponge has a barrier recovery effect was investigated. Radical Sponge prevented the decrease in cornified envelope and transglutaminase-1 mRNA expression induced by ultraviolet radiation. In addition, it could lessen oxidative stress- induced water loss. In human studies, Radical Sponge was shown to accelerate the recovery of barrier disruption by tape-stripping, and the combination of Radical Sponge and hyaluronic acid further accelerated the recovery. These results suggest that Radical Sponge as an antioxidant may offer a new solution for rough skin.
Figure 1: Rough skin and causes.
and the mean particle size of the Radical Sponge was 688 nm, measured by dynamic light scattering method.4 In cosmetics, a few active ingredients focus on the cornified envelope, whereas many ingredients focus on intercellular lipids, such as ceramide, cerebroside, pseudoceramide, phospholipid to maintain effective barrier. Here, the skin barrier effect
product Radical Sponge. Radical Sponge has been reported to exhibit antioxidant activity by quenching hydroxyl and superoxide anion radicals,3
of fullerene due to increasing cornified envelope is introduced.
What is fullerene? Fullerene, which is similar to diamond, is a carbon allotrope consisting of a large spheroidal molecule of a single element (carbon). The most common form of fullerene is known by the chemical name C60 and is a polyhedron consisting of 60 carbon atoms. The diameter of a C60 approximately 0.7 nm
molecule is PERSONAL CARE EUROPE
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