28. Human Development and Development Assistance Question Time 1. Explain the difference between economic and human development.


2. Name the three main dimensions used to measure human development. How do you think each contributes to high levels of human development?


12 3 Being numerate


Search online for ‘UNDP composite HDI scale’. 1. Identify what rank Ireland has on the HDI scale. 2. Calculate the difference between ‘Expected years in education’ and ‘Mean (average) years in school’ in Ireland. 3. What is the gross national income per person in Ireland?


4. Compare Ireland’s gross national income with that of any country with low human development. What is the difference in figures?


28.2 Human Development Aid


What Is Aid? Aid refers to a donation of resources by one government or non-governmental organisation (NGO) to a country experiencing short- or long-term need. These resources can be in the form of:


 Emergency supplies (medicines, clothing, water)  Food  People with skills (doctors, engineers)  Technology (medical equipment)  Money (grants or loans).


Sources of Aid


1. Non-government aid is assistance provided by NGOs, such as Trócaire. The money for this aid is mainly provided by public donations from individuals and businesses.


2. Bilateral aid is assistance given by one government directly to the government of another country. For example in 2020, the Irish government spent over €860 million on Ireland’s bilateral aid programme.


3. Multilateral aid , also called official development assistance (ODA), is assistance provided by multiple governments to international organisations. These organisations then decide where and when aid is distributed in developing countries. For example, the World Bank and the United Nations have worked together to reduce debt in the developing world.


Grant: money that does not have to be paid back Loan: money that has to be paid back


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