The amount of humus present in soil and the movement of water through soil combine to create many different types of soil.
Examining figure 5, what is the most common soil type in Ireland? Name one county that has each of the soil types indicated (use an atlas or Google Maps if necessary). What is the main soil type(s) in your own county?
5. Soil types in Ireland
KEY
Brown soils Podzols
Gley soils Peaty soils
Plenty of litter from deciduous trees
Dark A horizon
Greyish, leached A horizon
A horizon blends with B horizon Brown B horizon
Dark-coloured hardpan
Brown B horizon
Little litter from coniferous trees
Bedrock 6. Brown soil profile
Brown soil is Ireland’s most common soil type, meaning that most areas are suitable for farming. As the name suggests, this soil is brown in colour. It is found in areas where rainfall is limited. It is also found mainly in areas of deciduous (trees that shed their leaves) forest. This soil is very fertile and excellent for farming. Brown soil is found in the midlands and in the southeast.
Bedrock 7. Podzol soil profile
Podzol soil is found more in highland areas of Ireland where there is more rainfall. The presence of a hardpan causes the A horizon to turn grey. Podzol soil is found in areas of coniferous (trees that do not shed their leaves) forest. This means there is little plant litter on the forest floor to turn into humus. As a result, the soils are less fertile. They can be found in Clare, Derry and Antrim.