Sand dunes are mounds of sand that build up on the shore beyond the high-tide mark at the back of the beach.
How Sand Dunes Form 1. Sand on the beach is dried by the wind. 2. Dry sand is lighter and the wind can blow it inland. 3. The sand becomes trapped by vegetation such as marram grass or other barriers. 4. It then builds up to form sand dunes.
5. Marram grass is sometimes planted on sand dunes to stop the sand blowing further inland. Marram grass has deep roots and is a thick, coarse grass that is resistant to salt.
Example: Sand dunes and marram grass can be found at Enniscrone Strand, Co. Sligo. Main dune Marram grass Wind
Beach Sea Feature: Sand Spit
A sand spit is a narrow ridge of sand or shingle that is connected to the land on one end and juts out to sea at the other.
How a Sand Spit Forms 1. Longshore drift loses energy when it is interrupted by a sheltered bay.
2. The material carried by longshore drift is then deposited.
3. These deposits build up over time to gradually form a spit.
4. The spit extends across the bay. As it increases in size, vegetation grows on it.
Spit Silt Bay
Processes at work Deposition Longshore drift Wind
8. How sand dunes form
Longshore drift
9. How a sand spit forms Examples: Sand spits can be seen at Portmarnock, Co. Dublin, and Bannow Bay, Co. Wexford. 161