Humidity is the amount of water vapour in the air. A hygrometer (see photograph and figure 20) is used to measure relative humidity , which is expressed as a percentage.
Humidity and the Weather When weather forecasters speak about humidity, they use the term ‘relative humidity’.
The term ‘humidity’ refers to water vapour in the air. Warm air can hold more water vapour than cool air can. When the air can hold no more water vapour, it is said to be saturated . Any extra water vapour then condenses into tiny droplets to form clouds.
The photograph shows a hygrometer. It measures temperature and humidity. Inside it, a very thin piece of paper is attached to a coil. When it absorbs air moisture, the paper expands, which causes the coil to rotate, which moves the humidity needle. What is the relative humidity shown by the hygrometer here?
A hygrometer
How a Wet and Dry Bulb Hygrometer Works Let’s look at how a wet and dry bulb hygrometer works.
°C 50
One thermometer measures the air temperature. Its bulb remains dry.
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0
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The bulb of the other thermometer is kept wet by a cloth cover that dips into a container of water.
The difference in temperature between the two thermometers indicates relative humidity, which is calculated using a special set of tables.
20. A wet and dry bulb hygrometer 204
What is the temperature of the dry bulb? What is the temperature of the wet bulb?
FUN FACT! On a hot, humid day it often
feels hotter than it actually is. This
is because there is so much water vapour in the air that our sweat cannot evaporate to help cool us.