1. Describe the formation of a V-shaped valley, using a labelled diagram to support your answer. 2. What are interlocking spurs?
3. Explain, with the aid of labelled diagrams, how waterfalls form. Where in Ireland might you find a waterfall?
10.5 Landforms of a Mature River
Feature: Wide Valleys In the mature stage of a river, erosion occurs laterally (sideways) rather than vertically (downwards). This creates a wide river valley that is not very steep. Interlocking spurs have been removed by lateral erosion, which widens the valley floor. Weathering and mass movement have also made the valley sides less steep.
Feature: Flood Plains
A flood plain is an area of flat land on either side of the river channel found in the mature and old stages of a river. Flood plains are covered in fertile soil, known as alluvium . This rich and fertile soil is full of minerals, making it excellent for farming.
Example: An example of a flood plain can be found in the lower course of the Shannon.
Look at the photograph of a wide valley for a couple of minutes. Then, in pairs, discuss these questions and write down your answers.
1. State two reasons why this settlement may have been built at this location.
2. Why might you not wish to build a factory too close to this river? Give two reasons for your answer.
Flood plain Water at flood stage Working with others