5.3 Extending skills


5.3 Extending skills CB


Audio pages 51


Lecture Defi ning disease and analyzing its eff ects


B 31 Part 4


Identifying words by stressed syllables C D


32 Isolated syllables 33 Whole words


Functional language practice E


34 Expressing stance


In this lesson, students are shown how abbreviations and symbols can be used in note-taking and have an opportunity to practise using abbreviations/symbols themselves. T ey practise listening to the stress within words, and do more work on recognizing signpost language commonly used in lectures.


Lesson aims


At the end of this lesson, students should: • understand how symbols and abbreviations can be used in note-taking


• have gained more practice in identifying words by their stressed syllables when listening


• recognize stance adverbials and other phrases for outlining an argument in a lecture


• understand the concepts of primary, secondary, qualitative and quantitative research


Introduction


Elicit any symbols and abbreviations the students already know or use in their notes, and what they mean. You could record all the suggestions on the board. Don’t suggest universal meanings at this point, as students will look at this in more detail in Exercise A.


A


1. Explain that symbols and abbreviations are often used when taking notes so that writing is faster and a more concise record of what was said is produced.


Ask students to work individually, looking at the example notes and highlighting or underlining the symbols and abbreviated forms. Feed back visually to the class.


5.3_A


You could use the handout (and accompanying answers) supplied in the PDF.


Ask students to state/guess the meanings of the symbols and the abbreviations.


If you wish, expand the table below with more symbols and abbreviations that you think will be useful for the students.


RESOURCES p. 128 5.3 Symbols and abbreviations for notes


T ere is also a list of useful symbols and abbreviations at the back of the Course Book for students’ reference.


Answers


Symbol/Abbreviation Meaning e.g. <


%


W. & S.


Afr. >


mth.


for example less than per cent Western and


Southern Africa


greater than month


2. Ask students to tell you what kind of notes these are (linear and numbered). Set the question for pairwork. Elicit what kinds of mistake might be in the notes.


If students are fi nding this diffi cult, it will help if you explain that in notes, words are often left out to make sentences easier to write. Elicit and write out as sentences the fi rst parts of points 2 (i) and (ii):


95 141


Transcripts (CB) Vocabulary Bank Skills Bank Resources (CB)


VOCABULARY BANK 3.1 Identifying stress within words


5.3 Expressing stance


SKILLS BANK 5.1 Identifying signpost language in a lecture


RESOURCES 5.3 Symbols and abbreviations for notes (p. 128)


5.3 Types of research (p. 129)


Online resources


5.3_A 5.3_C 5.3_D 5.3_G


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