4.4 Extending skills
C
Explain to students that Google Scholar can be useful for doing quick searches and that this activity will help them to explore key features of the results.
4.4_A
Set for pairwork, and feed back visually. You could use the annotated screenshot provided.
SUBJECT NOTE PubMed and PubMed Central
PubMed is a publicly available database published by the US National Library of Medicine. It contains the bibliographic details of journal articles on medical and healthcare topics. The entries usually contain a link to the full text of the article, though only a relatively small proportion of articles are available for free.
PubMed Central is similar to PubMed, but every source includes a link to a freely available version of the full text of the article. These resources are free to use and can be a valuable tool for students. However, students are also likely to have access to databases provided by libraries at their own institutions, and they should be encouraged to familiarize themselves with these also.
Answers 1. 945 2. Result 7 (2019) 3. Result 6 (61 citations)
4. Clicking on the blue double quote icon in the bottom line of each result (next to the star) will give a citation for each source in various formats (including Vancouver and Harvard, the two citation styles used most widely in medicine).
5. Results 1, 4. Results with PDF documents as full text can be identifi ed by the [PDF] label in the right-hand margin.
6. Results 3, 5, 7, 8. Results with HTML documents as full text can be identifi ed by the [HTML] label in the right-hand margin.
7. Results 7, 8. Where
nih.gov appears in the right-hand margin, this indicates that the full text of the journal article is available on PubMed Central. PubMed Central makes journal articles available for free (see above).
8. Results can be limited by date – see the options in the top left corner of the screenshot.
9. Related articles (which appears on the bottom line of each result) retrieves articles which Google Scholar has identifi ed as addressing similar topics to the selected article.
10. Ticking include citations means that Google will include the details of sources which have been cited in other publications, but for which Google Scholar does not have full details. An example of such a result might be, e.g., a relatively old book which is often cited but not available online.
D
Set for individual work and pairwork or small-group checking.
Suggest to students that they can view this as practice for fi nding information for an assignment.
SKILLS BANK 4.2 Doing effective online research
Remind students that they can broaden their search if they are not getting enough results (using OR and synonyms) or narrow their search (using AND to add more terms or double quote marks " " to search for specifi c phrases). If some results seem to pertain to a diff erent topic, they could try to omit these using the - operator. If necessary, refer students back to the guidance on doing eff ective online research in Skills Bank 4.2.
Encourage students to identify diff erences in their results and to consider what changes in the search terms caused these diff erences.
E
Set for pairwork or small-group work for the planning stage and for individual work when writing.
Remind students of the guidance in Lesson 4.3 on how to identify results to examine further. Encourage them to explore the results they choose by looking at the abstract and the full text if it is available.
SKILLS BANK 1.3 Choosing a note-taking format
SKILLS BANK 2.1 Doing reading research
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