3.2 Listening
Blood passes through valves in the heart which prevent the blood from flowing backwards. The heart is made up of muscle fibres and has its own blood supply. About 1% of the fibres have specialized functions which allow them to coordinate the actions of the heart. There are three main types of blood vessels: arteries,
veins and capillaries. Arteries carry the blood away from the heart to body tissues. These divide into smaller and smaller arteries, eventually forming microscopic vessels called capillaries. The capillaries are known as exchange vessels because they allow the exchange of nutrients and waste between the body’s cells and the blood. The capillaries come together to eventually form veins which are the blood vessels transporting blood back to the heart.
E
Part 4 summarizes the contents of the lecture on physiology. Tell students that this is the last part of the lecture. What do they expect to hear? Confi rm that it is a summary.
18 Play Part 4.
1. Students should check their original defi nition of physiology as they listen and add to/correct it as necessary. After the summary has fi nished, they should complete their notes. Elicit any words or phrases that may help them to answer the question, and guide them to the correct answer. You can use key points from the sentences quoted in the answer below to help them. Some students may point out that the term directly linked is not the same as closely related or intrinsically tied. Explain that this is true, but for the purposes of this question they can be seen as very similar.
Answer
Anatomy. ‘Anatomy and physiology are closely related fi elds of study: anatomy is the study of form, while physiology is the study of function. T ey are intrinsically tied, and it is usual to study them in tandem as part of the medical curriculum.’
2. Elicit ideas, and feed back the answer orally. Set the students to work on the research task in pairs or individually, and explain that they will need to report back in Lesson 3.3.
Answer
T e research task is to look at anatomy as a basic principle.
18 Part 4
So, to summarize, we’ve looked briefly at the 11 systems in the body, and we looked at two of them in more detail – the skeletal system and the cardiovascular system.
57
Anatomy and physiology are closely related fields of study: anatomy is the study of form, while physiology is the study of function. They are intrinsically tied, and it is usual to study them in tandem as part of the medical curriculum. OK, that’s it for today. Next time we’ll look at anatomy as a basic principle. Don’t forget to do a bit of research on it before you come. Thanks for listening today.
F
Check that students understand the task. T ese are sentences about the ideas in the lecture.
19
Set for pairwork. Say or play the sentences. Give time for students to discuss and then respond.
Ask students to justify their answers.
Answers 1. true
2. false Blood transports oxygen from the lungs to the cells.
3. false T e heart pumps 14,000 litres of blood a day. 4. true 5. true
6. false Wrist bones, as short bones, tend to be nearly – but not exactly – equal in length and width.
19
1. Bone tissue is made up of collagen, mineral salts and water.
2. Blood transports carbon dioxide from the lungs to the heart.
3. The heart pumps 40,000 litres of blood around the body every day.
4. There is a higher number of red than white blood cells.
5. The three main types of blood vessel are arteries, capillaries and veins.
6. Wrist bones are always equal in length and width.
G Set for pairwork. Elicit ideas from students, and encourage them to explain and justify them.
Closure
Ask students to explain in their own words: • what links the four slides • the functioning of the three types of blood vessels
Tell students that they will need their lecture notes from this lesson in the next lesson.
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