8.2 Reading
Suggested answers Essay type
Descriptive
What the writer should do
• describe or summarize key ideas/ events/points
• give ‘plain facts’ about something, for example:
– a narrative description (e.g., a history of something)
– a description of a process (how something happens)
– an account of key ideas in a theory
– a report of the main points in an article
• typically, answer a question such as What is/are …?
Analytical
• try to analyze (i.e., going behind the plain facts) or explain something, or give reasons for a situation
• (possibly) question accepted ideas and assumptions
• typically, answer a question such as Why/How …?
Comparison/ Evaluation
Argument
• compare two or more ideas/ things/bodies of evidence, etc.
• usually evaluate, i.e., say which idea is better/more plausible, etc.
• give an opinion; support the opinion with evidence/reasons, etc.
• give opposing opinions (counterarguments), and show how they are wrong
2. Set for individual work and pairwork checking. Elicit from the class what the key words are in each title which tell them which type of writing it is.
VOCABULARY BANK 8.1 Understanding direction verbs in essay titles
Students could refer to the lists of key words in Vocabulary Bank 8.1.
Feed back by underlining/highlighting the key words in each essay question and matching it to an essay type (as in the table opposite).
Suggested answers a. comparison/evaluation b. argument c. analytical d. descriptive
3. Explain to students that they should just think about general points they can identify from the titles themselves; they don’t need to do any research. Set for pairwork. Elicit answers, and feed back as a class to complete the third column in the table below.
Suggested answers Essay title
a. What are the advantages and
disadvantages of screening for diseases in primary care?
Essay type
Comparison/ Evaluation
Topics
• screening – what is it?
• examples of screening programmes
• advantages of screening
• disadvantages of screening
b. ‘Disease prevention is far better than providing cures.’ To what extent do you agree with this statement?
c. Explain why targeting three key behaviours is so important for the developed world.
d. What aspects of prevention need to be considered by GPs? Describe what is involved in each.
Argument
• disease prevention – what is it?
• benefi ts of disease prevention
• diseases which are not easily prevented
Analytical
• what are the three key behaviours?
• how can they be targeted?
• what is the eff ect of targeting them?
Descriptive
• prevention – what is it? why is it important?
• description of diff erent aspects of prevention
• details of each aspect
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