11
11.1 Vocabulary
4. Elicit from students that the basic principle of an argument is:
statement + one or more support(s) for statement (= more facts, reasons, results, examples, evidence, etc.)
Explain that constructing a complex argument will usually involve a statement plus several supports. With the whole class, elicit suggestions for how to use the linking phrases when constructing an argument.
11.1_B4 Feed back visually using the table below or the PDF.
Answers fi rstly
making the fi rst major support point for your argument
for example supporting the fi rst point with a specifi c example
secondly moreover fi nally C
Set questions 1, 2 and 3 for pairwork. Explain to students that they will need to use their dictionaries to check the part of speech and the stress pattern.
11.1_C
Elicit and visually feed back the answers, building the table below. You could use table provided in the PDF for students to fi ll in.
11.1_C
T e pronunciation of each word is modelled on the recording.
making the second major support point
adding more information to the second point
making the last point D
1. Set for individual work and pairwork checking. Tell students to read the title and elicit some of the words they are likely to see (e.g., autonomy, benefi cence, justice). Ask them to think of some questions they think the text can answer.
Set students to read the text. Give them time to check what they have read with a partner. Elicit and visually feed back the answers using the completed text below.
Answers
According to Beauchamp and Childress (2019), an ethical approach to medicine requires doctors to respect the principles of autonomy, benefi cence, nonmalefi cence and justice. T ese are implicit in most clinical guidelines, but there is a strong case for making them explicit.
Firstly, this could help with decision-making in the clinical setting. For example, a patient who is a Seventh-day Adventist may refuse to consent to treatment, such as a life-saving blood transfusion, on religious grounds. T is is diffi cult for a medical practitioner because respecting the principle of autonomy means giving a person undergoing treatment the right to make decisions about their care. However, respecting the principle of benefi cence obliges them to cure the sick person if possible. As a result of these confl icting requirements, physicians can face an ethical
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Answers Word
con'fl icting con'sent 'dignity
'dilemma 'ethical ex'plicit im'plicit 'justice 'justify
'negligence 'principle re'spect
responsi'bility under'lying uni'formly
Part of speech
adj
v [I], n [U] n [U] n [C] adj adj adj
n [U] v [T] n [U] n [C]
v [T], n [U] n [C/U] adj adv
Other words/phrases
contradictory permission self-respect quandary moral clear
inherent, understood fairness defend
carelessness rule
admire, esteem duty
fundamental evenly, regularly
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