8


8.3 Extending skills


2. Set for individual work and pairwork checking. Review the example transformation from the book with the class to check that they know what to do. T e subject of the dependent clause is which, but the subject of the main clause (three key aspects of prevention) has been included to show what the pronoun refers to. T is convention is followed in the answers below (it will help students with question 3).


8.3_B


It will help students at this point to give them a copy of the table below to fi ll in. T e table is supplied with the example answer fi lled in and also (for reference) with all the answers.


Elicit and feed back with the students to create the table below.


Answers Sentence Main clause


a b c d


T ere are three key aspects of prevention


… diabetes can often be self-managed quite eff ectively by the patient.


Diseases … include cervical cancer, breast cancer and some types of heart disease.


Smoking prevalence … is a key issue for primary care in the 21st


century.


3. Draw students’ attention to the use of the passive voice in the dependent clauses. You could ask them to fi nd all the passive verbs.


Look at the example answer together. Draw students’ attention to the way the active construction has been used. T e object of the original dependent clause – all GPs – has become the subject.


Ask students to see if they can rewrite the other sentences using the active voice in a similar way.


T ere are two ways to attempt this exercise. One is fairly easy; the other is much more challenging.


Easy approach


Ask students to write sentences in the active voice using only the information that they have recorded in the ‘Dependent clause’ section of the table. As in the


166


(Subordinating conjunction)


– Once – –


Dependent clause Subject which


(three key aspects of prevention)


it (diabetes)


that (diseases)


which (smoking prevalence)


is diagnosed


can be eff ectively identifi ed


can be reduced


by screening


by lifestyle modifi cation initiatives such as cessation clinics,


example, they should try to fi nd the subject for each sentence in the ‘By whom/what’ column.


Suggested answers b. A GP diagnoses diabetes.


c. Screening can eff ectively identify (some) diseases.


d. Lifestyle modifi cation initiatives such as cessation clinics can reduce smoking prevalence.


Challenging approach


T e more diffi cult approach by far is to ask students to rewrite the whole of each original sentence, incorporating all of the information (not just the dependent clause) and using the active voice.


by a GP,


Verb


have to be considered


By whom/what by all GPs.


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