12.1 Vocabulary
Word
chromosome /ˈkrəʊməsəʊm/
Part of speech
n [C]
Defi nition
a very small structure which carries genes – the DNA in each human cell is arranged into 46 chromosomes (23 from each parent) which carry the genes of that individual
correlate /ˈkɒrəleɪt/
customize /ˈkʌstəmaɪz/
dysfunction /dɪsˈfʌŋkʃn/
encode /ɪnˈkəʊd/
gene /dʒiːn/
genomics /dʒiˈnɒmɪks/
heredity /həˈredəti/
molecular /məˈlekjələ(r)/
mutation /mjuːˈteɪʃn/
nanotechnology /ˌnænəʊtekˈnɒlədʒi/
pandemic /pænˈdemɪk/
pathogen /ˈpæθədʒən/
pharmacogenomics /ˌfɑːməkəʊdʒɪˈnɒmɪks/
sequencing /ˈsiːkwənsɪŋ/
stigma /ˈstɪɡmə/
variation /ˌveəriˈeɪʃn/
v [I/T] v [T]
to be connected in a way that is not caused by chance
make or change according to requirements
n [C/U] where an organ or body part does not function in a normal way
v [T] n [C] n [U] n [U] adj
a molecular code passed to a living thing from its parents and located within every cell to control its behaviour
the study of genes
a process in which genetic factors are transmitted from one generation to the next
relating to molecules
n [C/U] a change or alteration in form or qualities – particularly used for genetic changes
n [U] n [C] n [C] n [U] n [U]
the branch of engineering/science that deals with things smaller than 100 nanometres long (1 nm = .000001 mm)
an outbreak of disease which is geographically widespread and has a severe eff ect on the population
a disease-producing agent (especially a virus or bacterium or other microorganism)
the branch of genetics that studies the genetically determined variations in responses to drugs
determining the order of constituents in something; used in reference to molecular genetics in particular
n [C/U] a feeling that something is wrong or embarrassing in some way, generally imposed by society or family
n [C/U] deviation from a standard model
Other forms chromosomal adj
Prefi x meaning colour
correlation n [C/U] with/together
customizable adj customization n [C/U]
dysfunctional adj to convert information into a code encoded adj genetic adj genomic adj heritable adj molecule n [C] mutate v [I/T] – – pathogenic adj – – lack of – –
to create, to give birth to
– – – very small all, every
pain, suff ering, condition
relating to drugs sequence v [T] n [C] – stigmatize v [T]
vary v [I/T] variant n [C]
– –
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