3.2 Listening
Feed back. Ask them to justify their choices by saying what they heard that related to each point. Confi rm the correct answers.
Answers • the systems of the body • the skeletal and cardiovascular systems in detail
2. Elicit ideas from individual students. Ask them to justify their suggestions by quoting the lecturer if they can. Feed back verbally.
Answer
To develop an understanding of how the body functions.
3. Elicit ideas. Remind students that they have already covered this in Unit 1, and refer them to Skills Bank 1.3 if necessary.
SKILLS BANK 1.3 Choosing a note-taking format Possible answer
One suitable method might be a table, with the systems and their features indicated with bullet points. Other methods could be valid, too – for example, a tree diagram or spidergram.
1. Defi nition of physiology • •
2. Examples of systems of the body • •
15 Part 1
If we’re all here, we’ll make a start. What we’re going to look at today is human physiology. So what is physiology? Well, it deals with the functioning of the body and its internal organs; essentially, it’s the science of the mechanical, physical and biochemical functioning of a human in good health. We will look at levels of structural organization within the human body: molecular, cellular, tissue, organ, system and organismal – the body, in other words. We can identify 11 separate systems. I’ll take you through these, and then we’ll concentrate on two and look at them in a little more detail: firstly the skeletal system and then the cardiovascular. The aim of today’s lecture is for you to start developing an understanding of the functioning of the body.
C
Before playing Part 2, refer students to the slides, and make sure they recognize what they depict. Ask students what they expect to hear.
Tell students to read questions 1–4, and check they have understood them.
Set the task for pairwork, and tell them to write only brief notes. T e main task is to understand the general meaning.
16 Play Part 2.
Encourage students to discuss the questions again after listening. T en elicit the answers.
Answers 1. • the 11 systems of the body • the skeletal system in detail
2. Elicit as many answers as possible from the students (without letting them check their notes for Lesson 3.1). If they have not got all the answers, they could look back to check.
1. cardiovascular system 2. digestive system 3. endocrine system 4. integumentary system 5. lymphatic and immune system 6. muscular system 7. nervous system 8. reproductive system 9. respiratory system 10. skeletal system 11. urinary system
3. Most ankle and wrist bones are short bones; thigh, leg and arm bones are long bones.
4. Ask students what they expect to hear in the next part. Elicit ideas, but do not confi rm or correct.
16 Part 2
You will already have an idea of some of the systems of the body from your own knowledge: the skeletal system, for example; the muscular and nervous systems. There’s also the gastrointestinal or digestive system; the respiratory system – that’s our lungs and the air passageways which connect them; the cardiovascular system – heart, veins and arteries; the urinary system – bladder, kidneys and related systems; and the reproductive systems,
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