5
5.1 Vocabulary
• infl ammatory: where tissue is destroyed by a process (e.g., arthritis)
• degenerative: where the normal growth | development and renewal of tissues does not take place (e.g., Alzheimer’s disease)
neoplastic: where there is abnormal | unnatural growth in tissues (e.g., cancer)
Diagnosis takes place when a disease is discovered and identifi ed by a doctor during the examination of a patient. It is based on the patient’s symptoms, and various tests can be carried out to confi rm the diagnosis. Disease can also be detected in regular screenings, such as a mammography.
A prediction of the progress of a disease and its likely outcome is known as a prognosis.
2. Explain that this activity gives students more practice with synonyms, though this task is a little more diffi cult.
If students are having diffi culty in identifying the synonyms, provide them as a list, and encourage students to match them to the highlighted words and then scan the text to fi nd them.
Explain that this task will help them to develop their skills in scanning for words. It is often necessary to scan a text for synonyms.
5.1_C2
Feed back visually to the class, showing the locations of the suggested synonyms. You could use the PDF provided.
Answers Word
called
various detected
D 5.1_D
T e answers in the table opposite are also provided – in various stages of completion – in the PDF, for use as visuals at each stage of the activity.
1. Explain to students that it is very useful to know words which are opposite in meaning, as well as words which are similar in meaning.
E
Visually present the terms population groups, incidence of disease and mortality rate to the class.
Elicit a rough defi nition of each term, and visually present the defi nitions below:
86 Synonyms
known as (paragraph 5) a number of (paragraph 3)
discovered, identifi ed (paragraph 4)
VOCABULARY BANK 5.1 Vocabulary sets
You could direct them to Vocabulary Bank 5.1 at this point.
Set for pairwork. Elicit student answers, and feed back visually as a class, completing the fi rst two columns of the table in the answers below.
2. Set for pairwork and small-group feedback. Elicit student answers, and feed back as a class. Accept any valid suggestions, and feed back visually by completing the ‘Other words in set’ column of the table below.
Explain that these are only examples – often there are many words which could belong to a set.
Elicit from students which of the other words are opposites (e.g., healthy/unhealthy), and encourage students to notice where prefi xes show this meaning.
3. Work as a class, and elicit a word or phrase which describes each whole set of words.
Feed back visually, using the words in the completed table or other suggestions.
Answers
Word Opposite word
active affl uent sedentary poor
Other words in set
stressful, uneventful, healthy, unhealthy
rich, wealthy, well-off , underprivileged, deprived, middle-income
developed underdeveloped urban, suburban, rural, inner- city, industrial, residential
female male healthy unhealthy old young woman, man
fi t, unfi t, ill, well, unwell, sick
elderly, middle- aged, teenage, child, adult
Word for set
lifestyle income
demographic
gender/sex
health status
age
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