6.3 Extending skills


Word


mechanism (n) /ˈmekənɪzəm/


benefi cial (adj) /ˌbenɪˈfɪʃl/


biochemical (adj) /ˌbaɪəʊˈkemɪkl/


functioning (n) /ˈfʌŋkʃnɪŋ/


molecular (adj) /məˈlekjələ(r)/


relaxant (n) /rɪˈlæksənt/


interact (v) /ˌɪntərˈækt/


antiviral (adj) /ˌæntiˈvaɪrəl/


D


Explain to students that the purpose of this activity is to give them further practice in analyzing the grammar of complex sentences. Sometimes this can be very helpful for understanding the meaning.


SKILLS BANK 6.1 Finding the main information in a sentence


You could refer students again to Skills Bank 6.1 here, as well as reminding them of the work they did on analyzing complex sentences in Lesson 6.2.


• If you took the easy approach outlined in Lesson 6.2, Exercise E, explain that here, students will look at complex sentences in more detail.


• If you took the challenging approach in Lesson 6.2, Exercise E, the activity here provides further practice. Students have already analyzed two of the sentences, and there are three new ones; if you feel they need more practice, you could select more sentences from the text in Lesson 6.2.


Base and meaning


machine n [C] a piece of equipment built to do a particular kind of work


benefi t 1. n [C/U] an advantage/improvement gained from a situation 2. v [T] to have a good eff ect on; to be useful


chemical n [C] a substance produced by a process involving chemistry, or used in chemistry


function 1. v to work in a particular way 2. n [C/U] something that happens in your body or something that part of your body does


molecule n [C] the smallest part of an element or compound that is capable of independent existence


relax v [T/I] to make your muscles or part of your body less tight/more comfortable


act v [I] to have an eff ect on something


virus n [C] a simple living thing, smaller than bacteria, that causes disease


Eff ect of affi x


~ism – noun form, indicating something deriving from or like the root word


~ial – adjective form


bio~ – relating to life or living things


~ing – gerund form


Meaning in text


the way in which a drug works (at a cellular level)


helpful, useful, good, healing


relating to the chemical substances and processes in cells and living things


the processes/actions of cells within the body


~ar – adjective form ~ant – noun form inter~ – between


anti~ – preventing or curing something


~al – adjective form


Using the table headings, demonstrate the example to the students as given in the Course Book. If you haven’t already done so as part of Lesson 6.2, you could elicit or explain that the ‘Other V + S/O/C’ column is for dependent clauses. Some sentences contain several dependent clauses – in this case, students should list each one separately.


LANGUAGE NOTE Dependent clauses


A dependent clause contains a verb and a subject and is a secondary part of the sentence. It is dependent because it ‘depends’ on the main clause. A main clause can usually stand by itself as a complete sentence. A dependent clause is always joined to a main clause and cannot stand by itself as a sentence. Dependent clauses are typically joined to main clauses with certain types of words, for example: relative pronouns (e.g., who, which, that); subordinating conjunctions (e.g., if, when, before, although, whereas, that); question words (e.g., what, why).


relating to molecules a drug with relaxing properties


to aff ect or change one another in some way


eff ective against viruses


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