The Five Essentials 五要素


There are five essential factors to sailing a boat efficiently. Whenever one factor changes, check the other four to make sure they are still correct.


⾼效航⾏包含五个基本要素。⽆论哪个要素发⽣变化，都应检查其余四个要素，确保它们仍 处于正确状态。


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Sail trim – Constantly check that the sails are set properly by either using the tell-tales or slowly letting out the sails until they start to flap along the luff, then pulling them in again until the flapping just stops.


• 调帆——持续检查确保帆的设置合理。可利⽤⽓流线，或者缓慢松帆，直到帆前缘开始 抖动。然后再收帆，直到帆停⽌抖动。


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Centreboard position – The daggerboard or centreboard position needs to be adjusted according to the side force. The amount of side force and centreboard required varies according to the point of sailing we are on. On a keelboat you cannot adjust the area.


• 稳向板的位置——根据横移⼒来调节中插板或者稳向板的位置。横移⼒的⼤⼩和所需稳 向板的位置取决于所处的航⾏⻆度。⻰⻣船⽆法调节⻰⻣。


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Boat balance – Most boats sail fastest when upright. This is achieved by the crew moving their weight to balance the boat. When sailing close-hauled the board will heel, so the helm and crew need to sit out to keep the boat upright. As we bear away the heeling reduces, so the crew moves to the opposite side of the boat to balance the helm’s weight.


• 船的左右平衡——⼤多数帆船在船体竖直时航⾏最快。这需要船员调节他们在船上的位 置来保证船的平衡。迎⻛⾏驶时，船会侧倾，需要舵⼿和船员坐到船舷外侧，以保持 船体竖直。顺⻛航⾏时，侧倾⼒⼩，船员坐到舵⼿的对⾯即可保持平衡。


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Boat trim – Generally, the boat should be level fore and aft. Depending on the conditions, the helm and crew sit close together and avoid depressing the bow or stern excessively.


• 船的前后平衡——⼀般来说，船体在前后⽅向应保持⽔平。视情况⽽定，舵⼿和船员应 靠近坐在⼀起，以避免过于压低船头或船尾。


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