MARINE INGREDIENTS A TRANS-EPIDERMAL WATER LOSS (BARRIER INTEGRITY) B
■ HA ■ HA+MXC ■ Linear (HA) ■ Linear (HA+MXC)
0HR C
1.06 1.05 1.04 1.03 1.02 1.01 1
0.99 0.98 0.97
0-1HR ■ HA ■ HA+MXC
respect to tensegrity, migration, proliferation and cell-cell contact (barrier formation). Quantitative gene profiling supported the physiological and cellular function findings. A beneficial quid pro quo regulation of
genes involved in wound healing and fibrosis formation was observed 24 hours after injury and with a sustained beneficial effect 48 hours after. An intriguing finding was in the regulation of ECM and matrix metalloproteases involved in tissue remodelling and wound healing, highlighting the biological effect of MXC on maintaining dermal structure and integrity. As shown in Figure 1, quantitative real-
time reverse transcription polymerise chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to analyse gene expression. RT2 profiler PCR arrays facilitated the analysis of a gene panels related to wound healing, fibrosis and associated biological pathways. Following qRT-PCR, relative expression was determined using the ΔΔCt method. The panel of endogenous controls was used to normalise data. Biological replicates were performed
and the average ΔCt value of each gene was calculated across those replicate arrays for each treatment group. The calculated ΔΔCt for each gene across two groups or PCR arrays was ΔΔCt = ΔCt (Group 2) - ΔCt (Group 1). In each case, Group 1 was the control and Group 2 was the experimental (treated with MXC). The fold-change for each gene from Group 1 to Group 2 was calculated as 2(-ΔΔCt). Of note is the upregulation of collagen isoforms. In parallel studies, using a comprehensive
proximal ligation assay panel for inflammatory biomarkers, we demonstrated the anti- inflammatory potential of MXC. We also found that MXC significantly reduced the formation of the inflammatory mediators, i.e. CD62P+ platelet microparticles. These play a potent role in inflammatory skin conditions like psoriasis. Other groups have very recently
reported an important role of magnesium supplementation on HA synthesis, kinetics and dynamics. Marunaka et al. discovered that the
www.personalcaremagazine.com 8HR 4HR 8HR 0.5MM TISSUE DIELECTRIC CONSTANT (DERMAL HYDRATION) D
1.08 1.06 1.04 1.02 1
0.98 0.96 0.94 0.92
0-1HR ■ HA ■ HA+MXC
expression of HAS-2 and -3 are up-regulated by magnesium supplementation in human- derived keratinocytes, mediated through the activation of GSK3β and CREB pathways, resulting in an increased synthesis of HA (Figure 2).11
Thus, magnesium may play a pivotal role
in maintaining the skin barrier function, along with HA. MXC supplementation may be useful as an adjuvant treatment for inflammatory skin conditions, to enhance moisturisation and wound repair, as well as to mitigate the effects of skin ageing. To further these important findings, we
looked to investigate the additive benefit of MXC on HA-treated skin on the volar forearm, using strata corneum hydration analysis, tissue dielectric constant (TDC; 0.5-5 mm) and trans- epidermal water loss (TEWL). Intriguingly, the magnesium-rich mineral complex supported and potentiated the beneficial effects of HA out to the eight-hour time point tested, supporting the in vitro findings of Marunaka et al (Figure 3)11
. The supplementation of volar
forearm skin with HA+MXC had a sustained and improved effect above that of HA treatment alone on TEWL, stratum corneum hydration and TDC measurements alike.
Conclusion Our research has highlighted the beneficial effect of DSMs on skin health, integrity, repair and function, advancing our in-depth understanding of the effect of the exposome- epidermis interplay. This has the potential to further develop novel solutions to overcome current limitations in skin health. MXC is a bio- stimulatory conditioning agent which is readily and rapidly bio-absorbable and functional. Combined with other topicals it may provide the optimal physiological properties necessary for skin health, hydration, protection and repair.
Acknowledgements We wish to acknowledge the funding support of Science Foundation Ireland and the Innovation Partnership Program which is co-funded by
8HR Figure 3: Effect of supplementation of volar forearm skin with HA+MXC on TEWL (A), SC hydration (B) & TDC measurements (C,D) 8 hours post-application
Enterprise Ireland and the European Regional Development Fund under Ireland’s European Structural & Investment Funds programme.
References 1. Li M, Li X, Liu B et al. Time-resolved extracellular matrix atlas of the developing human skin dermis. Front. Cell. Dev. Biol. 2021. 9:783456
2. Zou Z, Long X, Zhao Q et al. A single-cell transcriptomic atlas of human skin ageing. Dev. Cell. 2021. 56(3):383-397.e388
3. Wietecha MS, Pensalfini M, Cangkrama M et al. Activin-mediated alterations of the fibroblast transcriptome & matrisome control the biomechanical properties of skin wounds. Nat. Commun. 2020. 11(1):2604
4. Yang H, Song L, Zou Y et al. Role of hyaluronic acids & potential as regenerative biomaterials in wound-healing. ACS Appl. Bio. Mater. 2021. 4(1):311-324
5. Papakonstantinou E, Roth M, Karakiulakis G. Hyaluronic acid: A key molecule in skin ageing. Dermatoendocrinol. 2012. 4(3):253-258
6. Fuchs E. Scratching the surface of skin development. Nature. 2007. 445(7130):834-842
7. Stern R, Maibach HI. Hyaluronan in skin: Aspects of ageing & its pharmacologic modulation. Clin. Dermatol. 2008. 26(2): 106-122
8. Piovesan D, Profiti G, Martelli PL, Casadio R. The human ‘magnesome’: Detecting magnesium binding sites on human proteins. BMC Bioinformatics. 2012. 13 Suppl 14:S10
9.
http://bar.biocomp.unibo.it/mg 10. Wallace RG, Kenealy MR, Brady AJ et al. Development of dynamic cell & organotypic skin models for the investigation of a novel visco-elastic burns treatment using molecular & cellular approaches. Burns. 2020. 46(7):1585-1602.
11. Marunaka K, Shu S, Kobayashi M, et al. Elevation of hyaluronan hynthase by magnesium supplementation mediated through the activation of GSK3 & CREB in human keratinocyte-derived HaCaT cells. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021. 23(1)
April 2022 PERSONAL CARE
1.6 1.4 1.2 1
0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0
0HR 4HR ■ HA ■ HA+MXC 5MM TISSUE DIELECTRIC CONSTANT (DERMAL HYDRATION) 8HR STRATA CORNEUM HYDRATION
93
Fold change Fold change
Fold change
Page 1 |
Page 2 |
Page 3 |
Page 4 |
Page 5 |
Page 6 |
Page 7 |
Page 8 |
Page 9 |
Page 10 |
Page 11 |
Page 12 |
Page 13 |
Page 14 |
Page 15 |
Page 16 |
Page 17 |
Page 18 |
Page 19 |
Page 20 |
Page 21 |
Page 22 |
Page 23 |
Page 24 |
Page 25 |
Page 26 |
Page 27 |
Page 28 |
Page 29 |
Page 30 |
Page 31 |
Page 32 |
Page 33 |
Page 34 |
Page 35 |
Page 36 |
Page 37 |
Page 38 |
Page 39 |
Page 40 |
Page 41 |
Page 42 |
Page 43 |
Page 44 |
Page 45 |
Page 46 |
Page 47 |
Page 48 |
Page 49 |
Page 50 |
Page 51 |
Page 52 |
Page 53 |
Page 54 |
Page 55 |
Page 56 |
Page 57 |
Page 58 |
Page 59 |
Page 60 |
Page 61 |
Page 62 |
Page 63 |
Page 64 |
Page 65 |
Page 66 |
Page 67 |
Page 68 |
Page 69 |
Page 70 |
Page 71 |
Page 72 |
Page 73 |
Page 74 |
Page 75 |
Page 76 |
Page 77 |
Page 78 |
Page 79 |
Page 80 |
Page 81 |
Page 82 |
Page 83 |
Page 84 |
Page 85 |
Page 86 |
Page 87 |
Page 88 |
Page 89 |
Page 90 |
Page 91 |
Page 92 |
Page 93 |
Page 94 |
Page 95 |
Page 96 |
Page 97 |
Page 98 |
Page 99 |
Page 100 |
Page 101 |
Page 102 |
Page 103 |
Page 104 |
Page 105 |
Page 106 |
Page 107 |
Page 108 |
Page 109 |
Page 110 |
Page 111 |
Page 112 |
Page 113 |
Page 114 |
Page 115 |
Page 116
