Globalisation: Process of interaction and integration among people, companies and governments worldwide.
Multinational companies (MNCs)/Transnational companies (TNCs): National companies expand all over the world with subsidiaries in different countries.
International trade: Exchange of goods and services between people in other countries. It consists of exporting and importing goods and services.
Visible trade: Physical products coming into and leaving the country. This is divided between:
• Visible imports • Visible exports
Invisible trade: Services coming into and leaving the country. This is divided between:
• Invisible exports • Invisible imports
Imports: Goods and services coming into the country; money is leaving the country.
Exports: Goods and services leaving the country; money is coming into the country.
Balance of trade: The difference between the value of visible export and the value of visible imports.
Balance of payments: The difference between the total value of all goods and services that Ireland exports and imports. This is both visible and invisible trade.
Import substitution: Occurs when a country tries to reduce imports by encouraging domestic producers to provide the same goods or services, for example Irish strawberries instead of Spanish strawberries.
Balance of trade:
Visible Exports – Visible Imports
Balance of payments: Total Exports – Total Imports