Our Economy: Strand 3 3 Scarcity, Choice and Opportunity Cost
Scarcity We always want more than we can have. This concept in economics is known as scarcity. For example, our income is scarce. Therefore, individuals have to make choices about how they spend their limited income.
Choice Given our limited income, we must make a choice between satisfying our needs or our wants.
Opportunity cost is the benefit or value of something that must be given up to acquire or achieve something else. The financial cost is the price we pay for an item that satisfies a particular need or want.
Example 1
Be the
Dearbhla Haughey has €50 to spend. She is trying to decide whether to buy a set of books costing €50 or a new pair of shoes for €50. If she buys the books, the financial cost is €50. The opportunity cost is the pair of shoes. Dearbhla decides to buy the books so has given up the opportunity to buy her second choice, the pair of shoes, for now.
Individual
Financial cost €50 Opportunity cost Pair of shoes (the best alternative)
Example 2
Techie Ltd designs apps for food delivery in Limerick City. Demand for their apps is increasing. Techie Ltd have two choices: spend an additional €200,000 on updating their technology, or buy new company cars for their sales representatives. They decide to update their technology.
Financial cost €200,000
Opportunity cost New company cars for sales reps (cost of the next best alternative)