Lesson 77: How laws are made
3. The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) are data protection laws that apply to each EU country. In Ireland, the Data Protection Laws were changed to be the same as the GDPR. These laws mean that your personal data should be stored only when there is a legal reason.
4. Nobody can park a vehicle in a car park in such a position that it would be likely to cause danger to other persons using the car park or to obstruct the entrance to or exit from the car park.
5. Irish citizens are free to practise their religion and freedom of conscience under article 44 of the Constitution. The State cannot favour or discriminate against any religion.
Exercise 77B Understanding how laws are made Key Skills Success criteria
I can explain how laws are made in Ireland.
The Constitution (Bunreacht na hÉireann) explains how the country is governed and the rights and fundamental freedoms of citizens. A referendum must be held in order to change or remove any article in
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the Constitution. The Constitution lists the main law-making roles of the diff erent institutions. Articles 15–27 give the Oireachtas the power to make and change laws. Article 28 of the Constitution gives the government the power to carry out the laws. Articles 34–37 of the Constitution give the courts the power to interpret and apply laws.
Amendments to the Constitution are required for EU treaties as these transfer some powers from national law to European law.
The Oireachtas The main purpose of the Oireachtas is to make and revise laws. Any new law that is proposed is called a bill. A bill must be passed by both the Dáil and the Seanad.
The government can introduce bills for new laws, to change laws or to pass the budget. Individual TDs and senators can also introduce bills – these are called Private Members’ Bills.
There are fi ve stages in a bill passing through the Houses of the Oireachtas:
● Stage 1 — The bill is introduced in either house ● Stage 2 — The general principles of the bill are debated ● Stage 3 — At the committee stage, there is a detailed examination of each section of the bill ● Stage 4 — At the report stage, amendments from the committee stage are considered ● Stage 5 — The bill is passed by the house and is sent to the other house, beginning again at stage 2.
Once the bill has been passed by both houses, it goes to the president to be signed into law. The president must sign a bill unless they decide to refer it to the Supreme Court to check if it is constitutional. When a bill is signed by the president, it becomes a law and is called an act. It is then added to the Statute Book.
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