UNIT 2 – BIOLOGICAL WORLD


Summary questions 1. Copy and complete the sentences.


Horses are considered to be a ____________ because they can reproduce with each other to produce horses that can also reproduce.


A male donkey and a female horse produce ____________ called mules. Mules are not a species, as they cannot ____________. This is because the number of chromosomes in the ____________ of the male donkey is not the same as the number of chromosomes in the ____________ of the female horse.


2. a. What causes a mutation? b. Name a disease that is caused by a mutation.


3. a. Explain the term ‘competition’.


b. Identify a local habitat. List three resources that two named animals in this habitat are in competition for.


4. a. Name the scientist who developed the theory of evolution by natural selection. b. What type of birds did this scientist study during his time on the Galápagos Islands?


5. In your own words, explain how the different food sources available in the Galápagos determined varying beak shape in finches.


6. List three pieces of evidence that support the theory of evolution by natural selection. 7. Read the information below and answer the questions that follow:


:Fig. 5.11 Peppered moths


In the eighteenth century, only the white-bodied peppered moth was observed in the UK. It was able to blend into the white-lichen covered trees and avoid being eaten by birds.


When, during the Industrial Revolution, the smoke from factories began to pollute the air, the lichen died and the trees became covered in soot. A black-bodied peppered moth began to appear in greater numbers. By the end of the nineteenth century, the white-bodied moth was rare and the black-bodied type was common.


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48 Elements of Science


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