


•                             


•             Chapter 17


Key terms compound molecule mixture


COMPOUNDS, MIXTURES AND SEPARATION OF MIXTURES


filtration chromatography


evaporation distillation


In this chapter, you will learn to: / use models to explain the differences between mixtures and compounds


/ separate various mixtures using appropriate techniques.


Compounds


We know that elements are substances that have only one type of atom. When two or more elements are chemically combined, the substance they make is called a compound. The elements in a compound are chemically joined together by strong forces called bonds.


Compounds are all around us. For example:


• Water is a compound made up of two elements bonded together: hydrogen and oxygen


• Sugar is a compound made up of three elements bonded together: carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.


A compound may be a solid, a liquid or a gas at room temperature.


:Fig. 17.1 Model of a compound


The properties of a compound are often very different from the properties of the elements that make it up. The following table compares the properties of two elements and the compound they make when they are chemically combined:


Element


Sodium: very reactive with water. Stored in oil


Hydrogen: an explosive gas. Burns with a pop


? TEST TUBE


1. What is the compound sodium chloride commonly known as? 2. What is the chemical symbol for the compound water?


Element Chlorine: a poisonous green gas


Oxygen: a gas needed to support combustion (burning)


Compound


Sodium chloride: a white crystal used to flavour food


Water: a very important liquid needed to support life


164 Elements of Science


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