Resistance opposes (goes against) the flow of electrons through a wire or circuit.
• Any material that allows charge to flow through it easily is a conductor. Conductors have low resistance, e.g. copper, gold and silver.
• Any material that does not allow charge to flow through it easily is an insulator. Insulators have high resistance, e.g. rubber, wood and glass.
The SI unit of resistance is the ohm (Ω). The instrument used to measure resistance is an ohmmeter.
) Fig. 30.16 An ohmmeter ? TEST TUBE
7. Based on what you know about conductors and insulators, why do you think electrical wires are made from copper and encased in rubber?
Resistors
A resistor is a component that is used to control the flow of current in a circuit. There are two main types of resistors that can be used in a circuit.
• A fixed resistor has a resistance that does not change. This means you can calculate how much the resistance is while the circuit is on.
• A variable resistor allows you to change the resistance while the circuit is on. It usually looks like a dial that you can turn to vary the resistance value.
Eureka
A resistor can protect a circuit from too much current, but it is also useful in other ways. For example, when you turn a kettle on, the filament resistance causes it to heat up and boil the water. Variable resistor examples include a volume knob on a speaker or a dimmer switch on a light.
: Fig. 30.17 A fixed resistor
) Fig. 30.18 A variable resistor 298 Elements of Science