GLOSSARY OF KEY TERMS
Sexual reproduction: Reproduction involving two parents.
Shadow: A dark area or shape produced by an opaque object coming between rays of light and a surface.
SI units: The International System of Units, a system of units used by scientists to make sure that measurements are carried out the same way and can be understood by everyone.
Singularity: A very hot, dense point in space that exploded and began to expand during the Big Bang.
Small intestine: Connects the stomach and the large intestine.
Solar: Solar energy is harnessed from the Sun.
Solar eclipse: Occurs when the Moon moves between the Sun and the Earth.
Solar system: Is made up of a star (the Sun) and the celestial objects that orbit it.
Solid: Particles in a solid state are packed tightly together. They cannot flow and only vibrate.
Solubility curve: A graph that shows the amount of a solute that dissolves in a fixed volume of solvent at different temperatures.
Soluble: Substances that can dissolve in a liquid. Solute: A substance that dissolves in a solvent. Solution: A solute dissolved in a solvent. Solvent: The substance the solute dissolves into.
Space debris: Material in space that is left over from previous missions and has not been brought back to Earth due to cost or lack of technology.
Space: The empty region between celestial objects.
Space Race: The name given to the rivalry between the USA and the Soviet Union during the Cold War regarding space exploration.
Species: A group of organisms that can reproduce with each other to produce offspring that also have the ability to reproduce.
Speed: Describes how fast an object in motion travels from one position to another. Speed is calculated as distance divided by time.
Star: A celestial object that emits light.
Stem cells: Cells that can develop into other types of cells with particular roles, e.g. blood cells, muscle cells and brain cells.
402 Elements of Science
Stomach: An expandable muscular bag that physically churns and temporarily stores food.
Subatomic particles: Small particles that make up an atom.
Surface area: A measure of the amount of a substance that is exposed.
Sustainability: Using the resources we need to live now, without risking what those in the future will need.
Sustainable resource: A resource that can be used to meet our current energy needs and will remain available to meet the energy needs of future generations.
Synthetic: Describes materials that are manufactured and not found in nature.
System: A group of organs that work together.
Technology: The use of scientific knowledge to make machines, devices and materials that are useful to society.
Temperature: The measure of the hotness or coldness of an object or body.
Terminal velocity: The highest speed at which an object will fall through the air before the force of friction balances the force of gravity.
Thermistor: A variable resistor that changes resistance depending on the temperature it is exposed to.
Thermometer: The instrument used to measure temperature.
Time: The measurable period between two events during which an action, process or condition exists or continues.
Tissue: A group of cells that work together.
Trachea: Commonly known as the windpipe. The trachea allows air to flow to the bronchus.
Trait: Different forms of the same characteristic.
Transpiration: When the water lost from leaves evaporates and rises as vapour into the atmosphere.
Trundle wheel: Used to measure long curved lengths, e.g. a running track.
Unbalanced forces: Unbalanced forces cause an object to accelerate (speed up or slow down).
Universal indicator: A mixture of dyes (in paper or liquid form) that change colour when they come into contact with an acid or base.
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