GLOSSARY OF KEY TERMS
In vitro fertilisation (IVF): A medical treatment that aids reproduction by collecting the patients’ sperm and eggs, then injecting the sperm into the eggs in a laboratory.
Independent variable: The variable in an investigation that changes.
Indicator: A substance that changes colour to show if a solution being tested is an acid or a base.
Infiltration: When some of the water that falls on land seeps into the soil and through the cracks in rocks. It then collects underground.
Inhalation: Breathing in to take in oxygen from the atmosphere.
Insoluble: Solids that cannot dissolve in a liquid.
Insulator: Any material that does not allow charge to flow through it easily.
Intercostal muscles: Move the ribs during inhalation and exhalation.
Interdependence: Describes how the organisms in a habitat rely on each other for some aspects of their survival, such as food, shelter and mates.
Ion: A charged atom. When an atom gains or loses an electron, it becomes an ion.
Ionic bond: A force of attraction between oppositely charged ions in a compound.
Isotope: Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
Kilowatt-hour: A unit used by electricity companies to measure how much electricity a household has used in an hour.
Kinetic energy: The energy of an object due to its motion.
Large intestine: A long, tube-like organ that absorbs water from fully digested food into the blood.
Law of conservation of mass: States that matter cannot be created or destroyed but can change from one form to another.
LDR (light-dependent resistor): A variable resistor that changes resistance depending on the intensity of light it is exposed to.
LED (light-emitting diode): A type of diode that lights up when a current flows through it.
Length: The measurement of something from one end to the other.
Light microscope: A piece of laboratory equipment that allows biologists to study organelles by passing a beam of light though cells.
Light year: The distance light can travel in one year – over 9 trillion km.
Linear: Movement in a straight line.
Liquid: Particles in a liquid state are close together, mostly touch each other and are able to flow.
Litmus indicator: An indicator, often in paper form, that changes colour in an acid or base.
Liver: The largest internal organ in the body.
Lubrication: Can reduce friction by filling gaps with oil and allowing two surfaces to slide over each other.
Lunar eclipse: Occurs when the Earth moves between the Sun and the Moon.
Lunar phases: The varying appearances of the Moon from Earth as it moves through the lunar cycle.
Lungs: Two large, spongy, elastic organs located in the chest cavity.
Malleable: A metal that can be hammered into shape without cracking.
Maltase: An enzyme that breaks down maltose into a smaller sugar called glucose.
Maltose: A sugar produced by the breakdown of starch by amylase.
Mass balance: An instrument used to measure mass.
Mass number: The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom.
Mass: The amount of matter in an object. Material: The matter that products are made from.
Matter: Anything that takes up space and has a mass.
Melting: When a solid changes to a liquid.
Meniscus: The name of the curve on the top surface of liquid in a tube.
Menstrual cycle: The repeating sequence of changes that happen in the female body to prepare for a potential pregnancy.
Menstruation: When blood vessels lining the uterus break down and blood is released through the vagina. Commonly known as a period.
Micro-organism: Very small living things. The three types of micro-organisms are bacteria, viruses and fungi.
Elements of Science 399
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