CHAPTER 21 – RATES OF REACTIONS


)Fig. 21.11 To investigate how surface area affects the rate of a chemical reaction


Delivery tube Clamp Graduated cylinder Conical flask


Carbon dioxide gas collected


Water trough


Dilute hydrochloric acid and


marble chips j Go to page 56 of your Experimental Investigations Log to write up this investigation. ?


TEST TUBE


4. A student wanted to establish whether the size of marble chip made a difference to the rate of reaction. Using large and small marble chips in their investigation, they reacted the chips and hydrochloric acid, producing carbon dioxide. They measured the loss in mass (loss of carbon dioxide gas) over time, with results as follows:


Time (mins)


Loss in mass (g) using small chips Loss in mass (g) using large chips


0123456 0.00 0.40 0.74 0.95 1.08 1.08 1.08 0.00 0.28 0.52 0.70 0.84 0.94 1.08


a. How did the student ensure they carried out a fair test? b. Plot the data in the table above on a graph. Put time on the x-axis. c. What difference does the size of the chips make? d. Draw a conclusion from the results that the student obtained.


Adding a catalyst


A catalyst is a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction. At the end of the reaction, a catalyst is chemically unchanged, meaning it can be used again.


A catalyst lowers the amount of activation energy needed for particles to react. As a result, the reaction takes place quicker and easier.


EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION 21.4 How does the presence of a catalyst affect the rate of reaction?


Equipment Water trough Water Retort stand and clamp Graduated cylinder (large)


Graduated cylinder (small) Conical flask Hydrogen peroxide Delivery tube


Mass balance Manganese dioxide One-holed rubber bung Timer


 Elements of Science 205


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