8. Copy and complete the following table: Name of compound Chemical formula Elements present Ratio of elements
Sodium sulfide
Sodium chloride Silver chloride Carbon dioxide
Magnesium oxide Lead iodide
Aluminium chloride Na2 S
NaCl AgCl
CO2
MgO PbI2
AlCl3 Writing chemical formulae – ionic bonding
The periodic table can be used to work out the chemical formula for an ionic compound that forms between a metal and a non-metal.
First, use the periodic table to find out the charge on an ion.
EXAMPLE
• Electronic configurations of sodium: 2, 8, 1 • It will lose 1 electron and become [2, 8]+1 • Sodium ion = Na+1
) Fig. 19.7 ? TEST TUBE
9. a. Use the example above as a guide to write the electronic configurations for the following atoms:
i. Group 1: lithium and potassium
ii. Group 2: magnesium and calcium iii. Group 6: oxygen and sulfur iv. Group 7: fluorine and chlorine
b. Use the configurations to predict the type of ion (positive or negative) that the atom will form.
10. Can you spot a trend that connects the periodic table to the ions formed by the atoms of the elements?
A compound is always neutral. This means the charges of the ions in the compound must balance. When writing the chemical formula for an ionic compound, you need to work out the correct ratio of ions that will give an overall neutral charge for the compound.