CHAPTER 23 – ENERGY IN CHEMICAL REACTIONS Endothermic reactions
When temperature decreases during a reaction, it means heat energy is being taken in. Chemical reactions that take in heat from the environment are called endothermic reactions.
In endothermic reactions, heat energy transfers from the surroundings to the reacting chemicals.
Examples of endothermic reactions include: • ice melting • using a cold pack to reduce swelling
CONCENTRATE! Remember:
• Exothermic reactions: heat energy exits the reaction.
• Endothermic reactions: heat energy enters the reaction.
:Fig. 23.3 An endothermic reaction absorbs heat and the surroundings get cooler
? TEST TUBE
1. Are the following chemical reactions endothermic or exothermic? Justify your answer. a. Ice melting to form water b. Lighting a match c. Steam condensing to form water d. Food cooking
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION 23.1 How can we test if a reaction is exothermic or endothermic?
CONCENTRATE! A polystyrene cup is used in this investigation, as it is a good insulator and will not absorb any of the energy produced in the reaction.
Elements of Science 225
Vinegar Sodium carbonate Epsom salt solution
e. A plant producing food by photosynthesis f. Getting energy from food (respiration) g. Using a hot pack to relieve back pain
:Fig. 23.4 A cold pack cooling an injury is an endothermic reaction