1. Classify the following as either an example of a physical or a chemical change. Explain the reasons for your conclusion. Has a new substance been made? Is the reaction reversible?
a. Boiling water in a kettle b. Burning wood in an open fire c. A ball breaking a glass window d. Fireworks exploding e. Lighting a candle f. Tearing up a sheet of paper g. Baking a cake h. Sugar dissolving in water i. Ice cream melting j. Crushing up a plastic bottle
k. A snowman melting l. An iron nail rusting
m. Getting a haircut n. Dyeing your hair blonde
)Fig. 15.3
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION 15.1 Are these changes physical or chemical?
Equipment Plastic droppers Water Teaspoon Salt Test tube
Thermometer Method
1. Using a plastic dropper, add drops of water to 1 teaspoon of salt in a test tube. Observe what happens. Use the thermometer to determine if there is an increase in temperature. Record your observations and results.
2. Using a plastic dropper, add drops of vinegar to 1 teaspoon of baking soda using a plastic dropper on a clock glass. Use the thermometer to determine if there is an increase in temperature. Record your observations and results.
Retort stand and clamp Vinegar
Baking soda Clock glass Candle Tongs Crackers
Bunsen burner Retort stand and clamp Boiling tube Graduated cylinder Steel wool Wire gauze
SAFETY • Tie back hair.
• Ensure the workspace is clear of flammable materials.
• Make sure equipment has cooled down before touching it.
• Conduct this investigation in a fume cupboard as smoke will be produced in the final steps.
Boiling tube 20 ml of water
Cracker
:Fig. 15.4 Burning a cracker to heat water 148 Elements of Science