CHAPTER 13 – ECOLOGICAL BIODIVERSITY AND GLOBAL FOOD PRODUCTION
How humans benefit from ecosystems Humans benefit directly and indirectly from the Earth’s ecosystems, as outlined in the following table:
Benefit Ecosystems support life Explanation • Ecosystems provide habitats for organisms to live in.
• Plants provide food and oxygen for other organisms through photosynthesis.
• Ecosystems provide water by playing a role in the water cycle (see chapter 37).
Ecosystems produce food and other useful materials
• Decomposers recycle nutrients and help form soil (see chapter 9). • Provide animals and plants which can be used for food.
• Provide energy sources such as fossil fuels (turf, oil and natural gas) and biomass crops (see chapter 39).
• Provide materials for building, e.g. wood and sand. • Provide chemicals to make new materials and medicines.
Ecosystems keep the Earth in balance
• Plants improve air quality by controlling the balance between carbon dioxide and oxygen.
• Plant roots help stop soil erosion.
• Water is cleaned as it passes through the living and non-living parts of the ecosystem.
• Ecosystems support interdependence (see chapter 9). • Ecosystems control species population.
Ecosystems support recreation, education and research
• People enjoy cycling, walking and swimming in parks and beaches. • Students learn about the natural world when they study habitats. • Scientists carry out research on the natural world.
:Fig. 13.2 Ecosystems provide food and recreation for humans ? TEST TUBE 2. Describe three ways you have benefited from Earth’s ecosystems. Elements of Science 129