In this chapter, you will learn to: / compare asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction
/ recognise that a gene is the basic unit of inheritance
/ understand the difference between inherited and acquired characteristics / perform a simple genetic cross.
Reproduction
Reproduction is one of the seven characteristics of life. It is the ability of living things to produce new organisms. These new organisms are called offspring. The two forms of reproduction are: • asexual reproduction • sexual reproduction
Asexual reproduction
Asexual reproduction involves only one parent. In asexual reproduction, the parent’s cells divide into identical cells. The offspring are exactly the same as the parent and each other.
Single-celled organisms such as bacteria reproduce asexually. For example, E. coli reproduce every 20 minutes.
)Fig. 4.1 Bacteria cells divide asexually
Asexual reproduction is common in plants. For example, a strawberry plant can produce shoots called runners, which grow along the ground away from the parent plant. New strawberry plants that are identical to the parent plant develop from these runners.
Asexual reproduction is not common in animals, but starfish, some types of bees and even Komodo dragons have the ability to reproduce this way.