104 TRENDING TECHNOLOGIES


Proliferation of keratinocyte and factors related to barrier function Promotion of keratinocyte proliferation


1.5 1 0.5 0


LPSpv (+) (1µg/mL) ■ medium ■ **


Filaggrin (24h) 3


2.5 2


1.5 1


0 day 2 day 4 day ** = p<0.01


0.5 0


Med 100 LPSpv (ng/mL) 1000 ** **


1.5 1


0.5 0


Fibronectin (24h)


2.5 2


** **


Increased gene expression of factors related to barrier function


Claudin-1 (4h) 2


1.5 1


0.5 0


Med 100 LPSpv (ng/mL)


Figure 2: LPS treatment increases mRNA expression of key barrier-related proteins like filaggrin, fibronectin, and claudin-1 Importantly, LPS can still exert effects by


binding to receptors present on epidermal immune cells: keratinocytes, which are abundant throughout the epidermis; Langerhans cells, whose dendrites extend toward the skin surface; and Treg cells, which modulate inflammation. Thus, even without breaching the tight junction


barrier, LPS can effectively interact with skin- resident immune cells. Through this multi-pathway immune stimulation, LPS contributes to improving skin balance and resilience. This comprehensive engagement of innate immune pathways positions LPS as a leading example of immune-supporting cosmetic actives.


Multifunctional skin benefits The unique mechanism of action of LPS translates into a wide array of significant benefits for skin health, addressing multiple common concerns from barrier impairment to signs of ageing.


Reinforcing skin barrier integrity A healthy skin barrier is essential for maintaining skin integrity and protection. LPS has been shown to enhance barrier function by promoting keratinocyte proliferation and increasing the expression of proteins integral to epidermal


structure. It also improves physiological markers of barrier health, including reduced skin sensitivity, increased stratum corneum hydration, and decreased transepidermal water loss. LPS helps support the barrier function. It


increases the expression of filaggrin, fibronectin, and claudin-1,1


which are proteins that are critical


for maintaining a cohesive and functional stratum corneum. These effects contribute to greater resilience against environmental aggressors and help reduce skin reactivity.


Soothing and supporting atopic-prone skin LPS has been shown to positively influence markers associated with atopic-prone skin.2,3 Individuals with genetic abnormalities in filaggrin, a key protein for skin barrier function, are more susceptible to atopic dermatitis (AD).4 When the skin barrier is compromised, it


becomes easier for antigens to penetrate and trigger allergic responses. Stimulation of epidermal keratinocytes with LPS has been shown to increase the expression of filaggrin,5


suggesting a possible


beneficial effect in AD. In addition, when filaggrin is metabolized to amino acids, it works as a natural moisturizing factor (NMF) to enhance moisture. In AD, the overgrowth of normally harmless


Improvement of sensitive skin Stinging score


Reduction of irritation 2


1.5 1


0.5 0


Base line 1W 2W 3W ** ** ** 1000 Med 100 1000 LPSpv (ng/mL) ** = p<0.01 ** **


skin commensal bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus can worsen symptoms.6


Although


antibiotics can reduce these bacteria, studies have shown that LPS also stimulates keratinocytes to produce β-defensins (endogenous antimicrobials).7 This response occurs without the use of


drugs and can help control the proliferation of commensal bacteria. This endogenous antimicrobial induction is thought to be one of the reasons for the LPS-induced improvement of AD.


Supporting dermal hydration It has been shown that signals from LPS promote fibroblast proliferation and the synthetic capacities of fibroblasts to produce hyaluronic acid and elastin. The dermis consists of fibroblasts, which produce collagen, elastin, and hyaluronic acid, giving elasticity to the skin. However, with ageing, the dermis becomes


thinner, leading to reduced elasticity. Since topical cosmetics applied to the epidermis cannot deliver collagen, elastin, or hyaluronic acid directly to the dermis, improving skin elasticity requires promoting the growth of fibroblasts within the dermis and enhancing their capacity to produce these substances within the dermis. Although LPS itself does not directly penetrate


Increase stratum corneum moisture content (A) SCH


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Base line ** **


25 20 15 10 5 0


2W 3W Base line 2W


Decreased trans-epidermal water loss (B) TEWL **


3W ** = p<0.01 * =p<0.05


Figure 3: Topical application of LPSpv lotion was associated with reduced stinging scores, increased stratum corneum hydration (SCH), and decreased transepidermal water loss (TEWL) in human subjects


PERSONAL CARE MAGAZINE April 2026 www.personalcaremagazine.com


Relative expression (/GUSB) Relative moisture content


Relative expression (/GUSB)


(g/m2/h)


Relative expression (/GUSB)


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