50 ANTI-AGEING


Skin Hydration Using Corneometer


Measurement Schedule


T (1hr) T (2hr) T (4hr) T (8hr) T (24hr) T (48hr)


Skin Hydration - Regression Using Corneometer


Skin Hydration - Regression Using Corneometer


Treatment Schedule


Wash with Non- Moisturizing Soap: 2X/Day


Volar Forearm


T(-2)


Wash with Non- Moisturizing Soap: 2X/Day


Volar Forearm


T(-1)


Final Volar Forearm Wash with Non- Moisturizing Soap: Morning


T(0)


1x Product Application Figure 12: Schematic outline of extended skin hydration protocol.


Many of these threats are directed to the skin cells’ mitochondrial functions and cause an increased expression of free radicals. These errant and damaging molecules cause the circulating NLR proteins to assemble into a unique, flower- like structure, called an Inflammasome Complex, that contains ASC elements that attract inert Pro-Caspase-1 (Fig 15).13


Upon


binding to the ASC portion of the NLRP Inflammasome Complex, the Pro-Caspase-1 is cleaved and active Caspase-1 is released. In 2017, O’Brien et al., reported on a bioluminescence-based assay that allows for direct detection of active Caspase-1 released via the activated NLRP Inflammasome Complex.14


We employed


this new assay to examine the effects of various potential activators to cause increased expression of active Caspase-1 in skin cells. Our work with UVB radiation confirmed Faustin’s earlier work, demonstrating in this testing model, that UVB radiation is a potent activator of the NLRP inflammasomes as measured by active Caspase-1 release.3 The term “inflammaging” has been


n StrataPhixTM


350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0


p≤0.001 p≤0.28


p≤0.009 p≤0.0009 p≤0.008


p≤0.0009 p≤0.006


p≤0.0003 p≤0.02


coined to describe the effects of errant or chronic inflammation in the body’s ageing processes.14-16


Essentially, it is suggested


that while it is essential for the body to respond to exogenous threats with inflammation, continuous or repeated upregulation of the inflammation response leads to accelerated ageing, including ageing of the skin. In the work reported by Mejias et al., they were able to examine fibroblasts isolated from the same individual at ages 49, 52 and 64 years.11


known as autophagy.17 As skin cells age, The


studies demonstrated that: 1) ageing cells accumulate markers of inflammasome activation including ACS protein and active Caspase-1 and 2) reduction of these markers via treatments with a known Caspase-1 inhibitor, Ac-YVAD-CMK, after oxidative stress demonstrated that “inhibition of the inflammasome in the aging process has the potential to treat the cellular damage associated with oxidative stress”. This study directly links the ageing process with inflammasome activation in human fibroblasts. Inflammasome activation is intimately associated as well with the cellular protein recycling mechanisms


POLY (3%) n Placebo nWashed Control


2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0


T1 (1 hr) T2 (2 hr) T3 (4 hr) T4 (8 hr) T5 (24 hr) T6 (48 hr)


Figure 13: Results of extended skin hydration study on n=10 volunteers applying formulations to the inner volar forearm. Asterisks indicate statistical significance (p≤0.05).


PERSONAL CARE EUROPE


p=0.004 p=0.5


they begin to produce more abnormal proteins due to excessive mitochondrial release of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). As the cells make more damaged proteins, this leads to activation of the NLRP Inflammasome inflammation processes which leads, ultimately, to more inflammaging. Of even more interest is the work by Furman et al., who noted that expression of inflammasomes can stratify individuals into groupings based on their ageing phenotypes.18


This study links the cellular


activity of inflammasomes to people’s actual physical appearance and health. In the studies described here, it has been found that UV energy and ATP were very effective at activating NHEKs to express NLRP-activated Caspase-1 release as measured using a newly developed bioluminescent assay. Further studies have demonstrated three powerful blends, collectively called StrataPhix Technology Series, each has the ability, in vitro, to modulate the expression of active Caspase- 1 in inflammasome-activated NHEKs. Further examination of one important blend


n StrataPhixTM


p=0.0002 p=0.000004


POLY (3%) n Placebo nWashed Control


p=0.0002 p=0.000005


p=0.003 p=0.003


p=0.03 p=0.4


p=0.0002 p=0.2


T1 (1 hr)


T2 (2 hr)


T3 (4 hr)


T4 (8 hr)


T5 (24 hr) T6 (48 hr)


Figure 14: Skin hydration data comparing a commercial moisturiser that contains glycerin and sodium hyaluronate versus the same formulation containing 3% StrataPhix™ POLY on n=6 volunteers. Asterisks indicate statistical significance (p≤0.05).


April 2020


Page 1  |  Page 2  |  Page 3  |  Page 4  |  Page 5  |  Page 6  |  Page 7  |  Page 8  |  Page 9  |  Page 10  |  Page 11  |  Page 12  |  Page 13  |  Page 14  |  Page 15  |  Page 16  |  Page 17  |  Page 18  |  Page 19  |  Page 20  |  Page 21  |  Page 22  |  Page 23  |  Page 24  |  Page 25  |  Page 26  |  Page 27  |  Page 28  |  Page 29  |  Page 30  |  Page 31  |  Page 32  |  Page 33  |  Page 34  |  Page 35  |  Page 36  |  Page 37  |  Page 38  |  Page 39  |  Page 40  |  Page 41  |  Page 42  |  Page 43  |  Page 44  |  Page 45  |  Page 46  |  Page 47  |  Page 48  |  Page 49  |  Page 50  |  Page 51  |  Page 52  |  Page 53  |  Page 54  |  Page 55  |  Page 56  |  Page 57  |  Page 58  |  Page 59  |  Page 60  |  Page 61  |  Page 62  |  Page 63  |  Page 64  |  Page 65  |  Page 66  |  Page 67  |  Page 68  |  Page 69  |  Page 70  |  Page 71  |  Page 72  |  Page 73  |  Page 74  |  Page 75  |  Page 76  |  Page 77  |  Page 78  |  Page 79  |  Page 80  |  Page 81  |  Page 82  |  Page 83  |  Page 84  |  Page 85  |  Page 86  |  Page 87  |  Page 88  |  Page 89  |  Page 90  |  Page 91  |  Page 92  |  Page 93  |  Page 94  |  Page 95  |  Page 96  |  Page 97  |  Page 98  |  Page 99  |  Page 100  |  Page 101  |  Page 102  |  Page 103  |  Page 104  |  Page 105  |  Page 106  |  Page 107  |  Page 108  |  Page 109  |  Page 110  |  Page 111  |  Page 112  |  Page 113  |  Page 114  |  Page 115  |  Page 116  |  Page 117  |  Page 118  |  Page 119  |  Page 120  |  Page 121  |  Page 122  |  Page 123  |  Page 124  |  Page 125  |  Page 126  |  Page 127  |  Page 128  |  Page 129  |  Page 130  |  Page 131  |  Page 132  |  Page 133  |  Page 134  |  Page 135  |  Page 136  |  Page 137  |  Page 138  |  Page 139  |  Page 140  |  Page 141  |  Page 142  |  Page 143  |  Page 144  |  Page 145  |  Page 146  |  Page 147  |  Page 148  |  Page 149  |  Page 150  |  Page 151  |  Page 152  |  Page 153  |  Page 154  |  Page 155  |  Page 156  |  Page 157  |  Page 158  |  Page 159  |  Page 160  |  Page 161  |  Page 162  |  Page 163  |  Page 164  |  Page 165  |  Page 166  |  Page 167  |  Page 168  |  Page 169  |  Page 170  |  Page 171  |  Page 172  |  Page 173  |  Page 174  |  Page 175  |  Page 176  |  Page 177  |  Page 178  |  Page 179  |  Page 180  |  Page 181  |  Page 182  |  Page 183  |  Page 184  |  Page 185  |  Page 186  |  Page 187  |  Page 188  |  Page 189  |  Page 190  |  Page 191  |  Page 192  |  Page 193  |  Page 194  |  Page 195  |  Page 196