40 SUN CARE
Photoprotecting skin microbiota against ageing
Ò. Expósito, A. Guirado, M. Buchholz, A. Gallego, M. Mas, P. Riera, D. Luna, S. Laplana, T. Ruiz, S. Ruiz, M. Gibert - Vytrus Biotech
The skin microbiota plays a key role in skin homeostasis and the skin microbial ecosystem evolves with age.1-3
Furthermore,
the microbiome is highly relevant regarding the regulation of skin functions when the skin is exposed to sun radiation. Various microorganisms of the skin
microbiota have been identified for having especially important functions in protecting the skin in front of UV radiation: Staphylococcus epidermidis, Micrococcus luteus, Bifidobacterium spp. and Malassezia furfur.4,5 The metabolism of these microorganisms contributes in the protection of our skin against the exposure to sun radiation. S. epidermidis can produce short chain
fatty acids (SCFA) which inhibit the sun erythema, reducing the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6, as well as increasing the collagen expression in fribroblasts,6
thus
improving the skin firmness and elasticity. M. luteus can resist high dosages of UV
radiation thanks to the production of a high amount of carotenoids,7,8
at the same
time it synthesizes UV endonuclease, which eliminates cyclo-pyrimidine dimers (CPD) in damaged DNA, repairing it.9 Bifidobacterium spp. also produce SCFA, such as lactate, which protect from free radicals (reactive oxygen species, ROS),10 preventing UV radiation-induced damage in collagen,11 as well as reducing pro- inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1b and TNFα) and modulating metalloproteases MMP-1,
Sun irradiation
MMP-3 and MMP-9 which degrade skin collagen. Finally, these bacteria synthesize
urolithins,12 natural microbial antioxidants highly beneficial for the skin.13-16 M. furfur, and
other species ofMalasseziaceae, can produce melanin and melanin-like pigments.17-19 These microorganisms are affected by the
sun radiation, and if their environment is not the most suitable, the loss of homeostasis will impact our skin, potentially leaving it
Sun
irradiation +
PHOTOBIOME APPLICATION
Microbiota Photobiome Factor
Photo- secretome
Photo- damaged skin
PHOTOAGED AND DAMAGED SKIN
Figure 1: Mechanism of the active action PERSONAL CARE May 2023
PROTECTED AND REPAIRED SKIN FROM PHOTOAGEING
Photo-
protected microbiota
Photo- secretome
Photo- damaged skin
defenceless in front of the harmful effect of sun exposure. The skin microbiome and its state in front of
sun radiation, including the microbial metabolic behaviour, is the ‘Photobiome Factor’. These microorganisms can interact with sun radiation and produce specific metabolites: the solar postbiotics (metabiotics). Among these metabiotics, microbial melanin and urolithins stand out. Both compounds photo-protect cutaneous microbiota and are part of the skin’s natural photo-defence system. If the conditions are not favourable,
like with an excessive sun exposure, the population of these protecting microbes is dramatically reduced, the production of urolithins and melanin is decreased, and the cutaneous synthesis of harmful metabolites (ROS, IL-6) gets higher, worsening the skin photo-induced damage and the photoageing. Therefore, we present a new axis in
cosmetics: Sun-Microbiota-Skin. This biological axis allows tackling the photoageing with a totally innovative approach: we can combat the photoageing from excessive sun radiation exposure by protecting our skin microbiota.
Preventing photoageing through skin microbiota PhotoBiome is a 100% natural active ingredient from stem cells of pomegranate (Punica granatum) and cotton from desertic
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