686


ANTOINE VERRIÈRE ET AL.


TABLE 2. Results of the correlation tests. Asterisks show the significance level of the correlation as defined in the text. Bold numbers highlight significant correlations.


Spearman ρ


A. Data set including monospecific stages Diversity vs. CCMa Diversity vs. CCMb Diversity vs. SCM CCMa vs. CCMb CCMa vs. SCM SCM vs. CCMb


−0.109 −0.238 0.371 0.191 0.671


−0.126


B. Data set without monospecific stages Diversity vs. CCMa Diversity vs. CCMb Diversity vs. SCM CCMa vs. CCMb CCMa vs. SCM SCM vs. CCMb


−0.345 −0.309 0.127 0.564 0.636 0.000


All statistical analyses were carried out


using R 3.1.0 (R Core Team 2016). The symbols representing the significance of a result in tables and figures are: * when p<0.05; ** when p<0.01.


Results Completeness.—The mean of the CCMa score


of each time bin is 59% (Fig. 3A). The maximum (81%) is reached during the late Carboniferous (Ghzelian), then decreases (70%) during the latest Triassic (Rhaetian), and reaches a minimum (37%) during the early Middle Triassic (Anisian). The mean CCMa score is quite stable during the Permian and until the late Early Triassic (Olenekian), ranging between 55 and 64%, with the exception of the late early Permian (Kungurian) and late middle Permian (Capitanian), being 47% and 70% respectively.


p-value


0.689 0.373 0.158 0.477


0.006** 0.641


0.299 0.356 0.714


0.046* 0.040* 1.000


τ


−0.067 −0.183 0.300 0.150 0.567


−0.117


−0.236 −0.236 0.127 0.418 0.564


−0.018 Kendall p-value


0.757 0.350 0.116 0.450


0.002** 0.564


0.359 0.359 0.648 0.087


0.017* 1.000


The mean CCMa does not change greatly at the Permian/Triassic boundary, but drops significantly in the Middle Triassic. After the overall minimum in the Anisian (37%), the CCMa increases only slightly in the Ladinian before reaching a plateau with values above 65% in the Late Triassic. The maximum CCMa of all taxa in each time bin (uppermost gray circles) is very high, with values consistently above 90% during the entire study interval, except during the early Permian (Sakmarian, Kungurian) and theMiddle Triassic, with the lowest value (46%) in the Ladinian. The minimum completeness (lowermost gray circles) is quite low and stays below 40% from the Artinskian to the Norian, except during the Sakmarian (62%), Ladinian (46%), and the Carnian (42%), and drops below 20% from the Wuchiapingian to the Anisian. The CCMb is more variable (Fig. 3B) but with a higher average mean value of 63%


FIGURE 4. Plotted values of the three completeness metrics in pairs. “ρc” is the result of Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient for each association.


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