jha;tPL • ngg;gputup February 2017
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glk; 6 kHkk; : Fz;L tPr;R 82k; gf;fj; njhlHr;rp
,uT czT’ Xtpaq;fisg; ghHg; Nghk;. (glq;fs; 2> 3> 4)
me;jf; fhyq;fspNy tiuag;gl;l ‘,Wjp ,uT czT’ Xtpaq;fsp ypUe;J lh tpd;rpapd; Xtpak; NtW gLfpwJ. ,ij me;j ehl;fspl xU Gul;rp vd;Nw nrhlyyhk;. Vida ngUk;ghyhd glq;fspl kpfTk; myq;fupf;fg; gl;l $lnkhd;wpNyNa ‘,Wjp ,uT czT’ eilngWfpwJ. glq;fs; 2> 3> 4iIg; ghHf;Fk; NghJ ePq;fs; ,ijj; njupe;J nfhs;syhk;. Mdhl lh tpd;rpapd; Xtpaj;jpl ,e;j ,lk; kpfTk; vspikahdjhff; fhz;gpf;fg; gLfpwJ. ,jw;fhd Kf;fp akhd fhuzk; Xtpaj;jpd; Kf;fpa fUg;nghUshd ,NaRtpd; kPJ ghH itahsHfspd; ftdk; nrlyNtz; Lk; vd;gjhFk;.
,uz;lhtJ tplak;. Vida glq;f spl ,NaRitf; fhl;bf; nfhLj;j A+jh]; Nkirapd; kWGwj;jpl (ngUk; ghyhdtw;wpl KJiff; fhz;gpj;j gb) ,Uf;fpwhH. ,jw;fhd fhuzk; ,NaRitf; fhl;bf; nfhLj;j A+jhi] VidNahuplkpUe;J NtWgLj;jpf; fhz; gpg;gjhFk;. Mdhl lh tpd;rpapd; Xtpaj;jpl A+jh]; Vida rPlHfSld; mkHe;jpUf;fpwhH. mtUila Kfj;jpl kl;Lk; ,Us; epol tpOe;jpUf;fpwJ.
A+jh]pd; xU ifapl mtH fhl;bf; nfhLj;jjw;fhfg; ngw;w 30 nts;spg; gzKk; xU gz Kbg;gpYk; ,d; ndhU if ,NaR vLf;fr;nrlYk; ghj;jpuj;ij Nehf;fpAk; ePs;fpwJ. ,J iggpspl tUk; ‘vd;NdhL cz;gtNd vd;Nkl gha;e;jhd;’ vd;w thf;fpaj; jpd; FwpaPlhf mike;jpUf;fpwJ vd;fpwhHfs;.
,NaR ‘cq;fSs; xUtd; vd;idf; fhl;bf; nfhLg;ghd;’ vd;W nrhd;d me;jf; fzj;ij Xtpak; nfhz;L tUfpwJ.
rPlHfspilNa Vw;gLk;
mjpHr;rp> Nfhtk; vd;gtw;iw ePq;fs; Xtpaj;jpl fhzKbAk;.
,d;ndhU Kf;fpakhd NtWghL Vida Xtpaq;fspl ,NaRtpd; jiyf;F gpd;Nd xU xsp tl;lj;ij ePq;fs; fhzKbAk;. rpy Xtpaq;fspl A+jhi]j;
jtpu VidNahupd;
jiyf;Fg; gpd;dhYk; xsptl;lj;ijf; fhzKbAk;. Mdhl lh tpd;rpapD ila Xtpaj;jpl ahUf;Fk; xsptl;lk; ,liy.
Vida Xtpaq;fspl ghHj;jTld; ,tHfspl ahH ,NaR vd;W fz;L gpbf;f cq;fSf;Fr; rpwpJ Neukhf yhk;. Mdhl ,q;F ghHitahsH fspd; KOf; ftdKk; ,NaRtpl nrlyNtz;Lk; vd;w Nehf;fpNyNa Xtpak; tiuag;gl;Ls;sJ.
,NaRtpw;Fg; gpd;dhl xsptl;lk;
,liy. Mdhl xU ad;dl ,Uf; fpwJ. me;j ad;dYf;$lhf tUk; gpufhrkhd gpd;dzpf; fhl;rp me;j xsptl;lj;ij gpujpaPL nra;fpwJ. ,NaRTf;F ,uz;L gf;fq;fspY Ks;s ,ilntspAk; ,NaRit jdpj;Jf; fhz;gpf;f cjTfpd;wd.
mLj;j Kf;fpa tplak;. glk; 5Ig; ghUq;fs;. Xtpaj;jpNy vanishing point vd;w El;gk;
xd;W cz;L.
tpupe;JnrlYk; NfhLfs; re;jpf;Fk; Gs;sp vd;W vspikahf mijf; $wyhk;. ,q;F me;jf; NfhLfs; re;jpf;Fk; Gs;spahf ,NaRtpd; Kfk; cs;sJ. ghHitahsHfspd; KOf; ftdj;ijAk; ,NaRtpl Ftpf;f ,e;j cj;jp kpfTk; cjTfpwJ.
,e;j cj;jp rupahf tUtjw;fhf ,NaRtpd; Kfk; tuNtz;ba gFjp apl lh tpd;rp xU Mzpia miwe;J tpl;L E}lfis xt;nthU gf;fj;Jf; Fk; ,Oj;Jf; fl;bagpd; mtw;iwj; Jizahff; nfhz;L Xtpaj;ij tiue;jjhff; $WfpwhHfs;.
,e;j Xtpaj;jpNy Vida rPlHfspd; fhlfis Nkirf;Ff; fPNo ePq;fs; fhzKbAk;. Mdhl ,NaRtpd; fhl fisf; fhzKbahJ. me;jg; gFjpia xU rJukhd rl;lfk; kiwj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. 1652,Ny me;jr; RtupNy xU fjit mikg;gjw;fhf Xtpaj;jpd; xU gFjpiaAk; NrHj;J ntl;b vLj;Jtpl;lhHfs;.
gpd;dH
me;jf; fjT %lg;gl;L kPz;Lk; Rtuhf Mf;fg;gl;Ltpl;lJ. ,e;jj; jpUj;jNtiyfspd; NghJ Xtpaj;jpd; xUgFjp epue;jukhf mope;JNgha; tpl;lJ.
Xtpak; tiuag;gl;l rpy Mz;Lfsp- NyNa rpjpykilaj; njhlq;fptpl;l jhf Vw;fdNt Fwpg;gpl;bUe;Njd;. mjpypUe;J fhyj;Jf; fhyk; gyH ,e;j Xtpaj;ijr; nrg;gdpLk; gzp apl <Lgl;L te;Js;sdH. gioa fhyj;jpl Xtpaj;Jf;F NkNy mJ NghyNt kPz;Lk; tiutJ jhd; nrg;gdpLtjhff; fUjg;gl;lJ. ,t;
ypadhHNjhtpd; jpl;l cUtiu
thW kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; tiuag;gl;L ,d;W me;j Xtpaj;jpl lh tpd;rpapd; kpfr;rpy J}upifj; jPl;llfNs ,Ug; gjhff; $wg;gLfpwJ. Vidait kPs tiuag;gl;litahFk;.
1978,l etPd njhoplEl;g cj;jp- fisg; ghtpj;J Pinin Brambilla Bar- cilon jiyikapl Xtpaj;ij kPs;Gdu ikf;Fk; gzp Muk;gpf;fg;gl;lJ. ePz;l fhyg; gzpf;Fg; gpd; ngUkstpl nrg;gdplg;gl;l Xtpak; nghJkf;f Sf;F 1999,l jpwe;Jitf;fg;gl;lJ. ,e;j Gduikg;G %y Xtpaj;ijr; rpijj;J tpl;ljhfg; gy tpkHrdq;f Sk; vOe;jd. rup vij mbg;gil ahf itj;J ,tHfs; ,e;jg; Gdu ikg;G Ntiyia Kd;ndLj;jhHfs;?
1520 ,l Giovanni Pietro Rizzoli vd;w ,j;jhypa XtpaH lh tpd;rpapd; ,e;j Xtpaj;ijg; ghHj;J mg;gbNa> Vwf; Fiwa mNj mstpNyNa fd;t]pl xU Xtpaj;ij tiue;jhH. me;j Xtpak; ve;jg; ghjpg;Gkpd;wp ,d;Wk; yz;ldpNy ,Uf;Fk; Royal Academy of Arts ,l gj;jpukhf ,Uf;fpwJ (glk; 6). ,ijf; nfhz;Nl ,d;W %y Xtpak; vt;thW ,Ue;jJ vd;W fzpf;fg;gLfpwJ.
,uz;lhk; cyfg; Nghupd; NghJ Ner ehLfspd; Fz;L tPr;rpl Santa Maria delle Grazie fd;dpaH klk; gyj;j Nrjj;Jf;Fs;shdJ. Vwf;Fiwaf; fl; llj;jpd; ngUk;gFjp mope;JNgha; tpl;lJ. MdhYk; kz;%ilfs; mLf; fg;gl;Lg; ghJfhf;fg;gl;l Xtpak; mike;jpUf;Fk; RtHkl;Lk; jg;gpj;
jJ. mjdhNyNa ,d;W tiu ehk; ,e;j Xtpaj;ijg; ghHf;ff; $bajhf cs;sJ.
ngUk;ghYk; <ug;gjd; fhuzkhfNt Xtpak; rpijtiltjhff; fz;lwpe;j Ma;thsHfs; ,d;W Xtpag; ghHit ahsHfspd; vz;zpf;ifia kl;Lg; gLj;jp tUfpd;wdH. ,d;W Kd;dNu ,izaj;jpD}lhfNth> njhiyNgrp ClhfNth gjpT nra;jgpd;dH khj; jpuNk ePq;fs; ,e;j Xtpaj;ijr; nrd;W ghHf;f KbAk;. Xtpak; mike;jpUf;Fk; ,lj;jpw;Fr; nrd;W EioTr; rPl;Lf;fisg; ngwKbahJ. Fwpg;gpl;l Neuj;jpl Xtpaj;ijg; ghHf;f EioTr; rPl;ilg; ngWgtH 15 epkplq;fs; kl;LNk Xtpaj;ijg; ghHf;f KbAk;. Fwpg;gpl;l njhifapdNu xU Neuj;jpl Xtpaj;ijg; ghHf;f mD- kjpf;fg;gLfpd;wdH. mJTk; mq;F glnkLf;fNth> fhnzhyp vLf;fNth mDkjpapliy.
cyfpd; kpfg; Gfo;ngw;wJk;> kH kq;fs; epiwe;jJk; vd;W fUjg;gLk; Xtpaj;ijg; gw;wpa rpy jftlfis mwpe;Jnfhz;BHfs;.
Xtpaq;fspl
ifnaOj;jpLk; fiyQHfis mwpe; jpUg;gPHfs;. 500 Mz;LfSf;F Kd;Ng rpw;gj;jpl ifnaOj;jpl;l fiyQ idg; gw;wp mwpe;jpUf;fpwPHfsh? mLj;j jlit mtidg;gw;wp mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;.
glk; 5
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