- 114 - jha;-kfs; cwT...
113k; gf;fj; njhlHr;rp... czHr;rp epiyAkhFk;.
bkPl;lH Njhj;jpug;ghlypl jd;id tNyhw;fhukhff; ftHe;J NjupNyw;wpg; ghjhsNyhfk; Nehf;fp tpiuAk; N`b rplkpUe;J jd;idf; fhg;ghw;WkhW Ngnrtdp $f;Ful ,Lfpd;whs;. kiyr; rpfuq;fspYk;> flypd; Moq;fspYk; vjpnuhypj;j kfspd; mtyf;Ful Nfl;l bkPl;lupd; ,jaj;ij Ntjid ijf; fpd;wJ. clNd mtisj; Njb> gwit Nghd;W epyk;> fll vd;gtw;Wf;F Nkyhfg; gwe;J nrd;W NjLfpd;whs;. jd; kfisf; ftHe;J nrd;wtdpd; milahsk; Fwpj;Jr; R+upadplk; tpd Tfpd;whs;. R+upad; N`b];jhd; mt isf; ftHe;J nrd;wtd; vd;W njup tpj;jJld; kl;LklyhJ> N`b]; Ngnrtdpf;F Vw;w kzhsNd vd;Wk; $Wfpd;whd;. mjhtJ> Ngnrtdpiaf; Fwpj;J tUe;jTk;> mtisj; Njba iyaTk; Njitapliy vd;gij bkPl; lUf;F kiwKfkhf czHj;Jfpd;whd;.
Iq;FWE}w;W cld;Nghf;Fg; ghllfspl kfs; tPl;il tpl;Lr;nrd;wik khiyg; nghOjpl ntsthl ,iuNjlf; fz; zpikf;Fk; nehbapl tPl;il tpl;Lg; gwe;J nrlyYld; xg;gplg;gLfpd;wJ (378). vjpHghuhjNeuj;jpl nehbg;ngh Ojpl kfs; jhd; tpUk;gpa thypgDld; nrd;W tpl;lhs; vd;W tUe;Jfpwhs; jha;. Njhopaupd; xj;Jiog;GlNdNa cld;Nghf;F epfo;e;Js;sJ vd;gij Ak; mts; mwpths; (380).
bkPl;liug; Nghd;Nw> Iq;FWE}w;Wj; jhAk; cld;Nghf;fpl nrd;w kfisj; Njb miyfpd;whs;. topg;Nghf;fHfsplk; mtisg; gw;wp tprhupf;fpd;whs;. mtH
fs; ghiyr;Ruj;jpil mtisf; fz;l jhfTk;> md;G ghuhl;Lk; fhjyDld; mts; nrd;wjhfTk; $WfpwhHfs;: ‘fz;lndk; mk;k Ruj;jpil mtis ,d;Jiz ,dpJ ghuhl;lf; Fd;W caH gpwq;fl kiy ,we;NjhNs’ (387). ,d;ndhU ghlypl ‘typa Njhs;fis cilatDk;> nfhba tplypid cil atDkhd ,isQDld; Ruj;jpil mtisf; fz;Nlhk;’ vd;W nrhlfpwhH fs;: ‘jpz; Njhs; tl tpl fhis- nahL fz;lndk; kd;w Ruj;J ,il ahNk’ (390). ,t;thW ‘mtHfspUtUk; ,dpa fhjyHfs;. cd; kfisf; fhg; ghw;Wk; typik gilj;jtd; mts; fhjyd;’ vd;W $wpf; ftiyia tpL khWk;> mtHfisj; Njbr; nrltjpl gadpliy vd;gijAk; Fwpg;ghl topg; Nghf;fHfs; jha;f;F czHj;Jfpd;wdH.
kfl;gpupT vf;fhuzq;fspdhl epfop Dk;> mjdhl ngUk; kdg;ghjpg;Gf; Fs;shfpwhs; jha;. Ngnrtdpapd; gpup tpdhl NtjidAw;w bkPl;lH ngz; nja;tk; jd; flikfisNa Gwf;f zpf;fpd;wJ. Iq;FWE}w;wpl (382) cld; Nghf;fpl nrlYk; ngz;fspd; jhaH ngUk; kdj;JaHf;F Mshfpd;wdH vd;W $wg;gLfpd;wJ: ‘Gid ,io kfspHg; gae;j kid nfO ngz;bHf;F NehT khH ngupNj’. ‘thf;FWjpfisf; nfhl;b ek;gpf;if Cl;ba ,isQDld; nrd;W tpl;l vd; kfs; vd;id xU fzk; vz;zpg; ghHj;jdNsh vd cs;sk; kWFfpwhs; jha;: ‘vd;Dk; cs;spds; nfhlNyh’ (372). ‘njWtJ mk;k Ek; kfs; tpUg;Ng’ (313) mjhtJ> ‘Ek; kfs; kPJ nfhz;l ghrk; mope;JNgh fl;Lk;’ vd;w tup> jhapd; Jaupd; jPtp uj;Jtj;jpid czHj;JfpwJ. Iq;FW E}w;wpl kfl;Nghf;fpatopj; jha; ,uq;F gj;jpl (371-380) cs;s ghllfs; jhapd;
jha;tPL • ngg;gputup
Nrhfj;jpid ntt;NtW tiffspl ntspg;gLj;JfpwJ.
kfisg; gpupe;j jha; jdpikj; Jaiu mDgtpf;fpd;whs;. bkPl;lH NjtH tjp Ak; xypk;g]; kiyapdpd;Wk; ePq;fp> khdplH rikj;j Myak; jd;dpl jdp ikapl ,Ue;J kfs; epidthNy thb> mtisf; fhz Vq;Ffpwhs;. cztp dhl kdpjiug; Ngh\pf;Fk; tsq;nfhop G+kpf;F kpff; nfhLikahd fhyj;jpid mts; nfhzHfpd;whs;. mjdhl G+kp apypUe;J ve;j tpijAk; Kistpl tpliy. vUJfs; taiy cOjYk;> tpij tpijj;jYk; gandjidAk; jutpliy. bkPl;lH vDk; jhapd; JaH fhuzkhfg; G+kp ghiytdkhfpd;wJ. Iq;FWE}Wk; kfisg; ,oe;j jhapid ,Uz;l neba RtHfisAila ,l yj;jpl> khiyapl jdpikapl thLg tshfr; rpj;jpupf;Fk; (386> 378).
5 Gjparkepiy (Resroration of equilibrium/ new equilibrium):
kfs; jhAld; kPz;Lk; Nrul %ykhff; fijapl Gjpa rkepiy cUthfpwJ. Gjpa rkepiy vd;W nrhltjw;Ff; fhuzk; jha;-kfs; cwTf;fpilapl kfspd; fztd; vd;w jtpHf;f Kbahj GjpanjhU cwT Eiofpd;wikNa MFk;. G+kp kioNaJkpd;wp thLtJ fz;l flTsH jiytd; R+]; Ngnr ntdpia jhaplk; kPs xg;gilf;FkhW N`bRf;Ff; fl;lis ,Lfpd;whd;. mjd; gpufhuk; Ngnrtdp jha; bkPl;luplk; jpUk;Gfpwhs;. ele;jit ahtw;iwAk; jhaplk; $Wfpd;whs;. ,UtUk; xU tiu xUtH Muj; jOtp kfpo;fpd;w dH. N`b]; nfhLj;j khJisia cz;l fhuzj;jhl tUlj;jpl %d;wpl xU gq;fpid N`bRld; ghjhsNyh fj;jpYk;> kpFjpf;fhyj;jpidj; jhAl Dk; Ngnrtdp fopf;fpd;whs;. Ngnrtdp ghjhsNyhfk; GFk; fhyk; G+kpapl gdpf;fhykhfpd;wJ. ,t;thW gUtfh yr; Row;rpia tpsf;Fk; njhd;kkhfTk; bkPl;lH-Ngnrtdp fijiaf; nfhs; sf; $ba mNj Neuj;jpl> bkPl;lH Njhj;jpug;ghlYf;F vOe;j gy tpahf; fpahdq;fs; ,ijj; jha;f;Fk; kfSf; Fk; ,ilapYs;s ghrg;gpizg;gpidg; Gyg;gLj;Jk; ftpijahfTk; nfhs; fpd;wd.
Iq;FWE}w;wpl kWjuTg; gj;J (391- 400) jiytp jiytDld; ,lyk; jpUk;Gfpd;wik gw;wpg;NgRfpwJ. jiy tpiaAk;> jhiaAk; gpupf;f tpUk;ghj fhuzj;jhl jiytd; jiytp jhapl yk; jpUk;Gtjw;F cld;gl;lhd; vDk; vd;W nghUs; nfhs;sf; $ba tif apl 397k; ghll mike;Js;sJ: ‘vk; Kd; tpiuAk; topg;Nghf;fHfNs! fOj; jpl njhq;Fk; kapH nfhz;l Mz; nre;eha; Fl;bfSld; epw;Fk; jha;g; gd;wpiaf; nfhlyhJ mg;ghl tpy fpr; nrlYk;. mj;jifa Ru topapl te;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;Nwd; vd;W ,dpa KWtl nfhz;l vd; NjhopaHf;Ff; $Wq;fs;’ (‘ftpo; kapH vUj;jpd; nre; eha; Vw;iw FUisg; gd;wp nfhs;shJ fopAk; Rud;mzp thuh epd;wds;) vd;W topg;Nghf;fHfsplk; jiytp Nfl; Lf;nfhs;fpwhs;. jiytp NjhopaHf;F tpLj;j ,r; Nrjp> jhapd; fhjpw;F vl; Lfpd;wJ. ,sNtdpw; fhyj;jpl jd; fhjyDld; NrHe;j kfs; mtDld;> ‘ntQ;rpd tpwl Ntl fhisNahL
February 2017
,d;W GF jUnkd te;jd;W J}Nj’ (400) vd;W kfpo;fpwhs;. ,lyk; jpUk; gpa kfisr; Rw;wj;jhHf;Ff; fhl;b kfpo;fpd;whs; (394.)
kfSf;Fj; jha;kPJs;s cs;s md;G kiwKfkhfNt Iq;FWE}w;wpl Rl;lg; gLfpd;wJ. kfSf;Fk; jha;f;Fkpil apl cwTg; gupkhw;wk; kfspd; Njhop A+lhfNt eilngWfpwJ. rpytplq;fspl Njhopia tpspj;Jr; nrhlyg;gLk; tpl aq;fs; jd; kPJ jha; nfhz;l mf;f iwapidAk;> md;gpidAk; czHe;j kfs; jha;f;Ff; Nfl;Fk;gbahf ml yJ mtSf;Fj; njuptpf;Fk;gbahfr; nrhlyg;gl;lit vd;W fUjf; $ba- jhapUf;fpwJ (ghHf;f ghll 392> 398). ,e;j ciuahll cj;jp NkYk; tpup thf Muhag;gl Ntz;baJ.
bkPl;lH-Ngnrtdpapd; fij Mz;ika FLk;g mjpfhuj;jpidg; gz;ghlhf Vw;Wf;nfhz;l r%fq;fSf;Ff; FLk;g mikg;gpidr; rpijf;Fk; xU fij ahfNt Njhd;Wk;. ngz;zpathjpa uhl mf;fij Kd;dpWj;jg;gLjw;F ,JTk; xU fhuzk;. mNjrkak;> Iq;FWE}w; Wg; ghllfs; ,yq;ifapl gutyhf> aho;g;ghzk;> kl;lf;fsg;Gg; gFjpapw; fhzg;gLk; kidtpapd; ,dkuGf; FONthL rhHe;J thOk;> mjhtJ jpUkzj;jpd; gpd;dH kidtpapd; jha; tPl;bl/Cupl jq;fl (matrilocal reside nce) Kiwikiag; gpujpgypf;fpd;wNjh vd;W vz;zj;Njhd;WfpwJ. ,Uf;FNt jk; 10:85 R+f;jj;jpl kzg;ngz; R+Hah jd; fztd; tPl;bw;Fr; nrlYjl Gf; ff tjptplKiwiaf; Fwpf;fpwJ vd; whl> cld;Nghf;fpl nrd;w jiytDk; jiytpAk; jhafk; jpUk;Gjl> jpUk zj;jpd; gpd;dH kidtpapd; jha; tPl; bl/Cupl jq;Ftijf; Fwpg;gjhff; nfhs;syhk;.
,yf;fpaj;jpl ,lk;ngWk; jha;-kfs; gpupTk;> gpd; mtHfs; xd;W NrUtJk; r%ftpal Nehf;fpl Kf;fpakhdit. Mzhjpf;f (patriarchal)> je;ijtopr; r%fj;jpl (patrilineal) jpUkzk; vd;gJ ngz;iz xU Mzhjpf;ff; FLk;gj; jpypUe;J> ,d;ndhU Mzhjpf;ff; FLk;gj;jpw;Ff; ifkhw;WtjhFk;. ,J ,e;J rka tpthff;fpupiafspl fd; ahjhdk; vdg;gLk; fpupia %yk; ,aw; wg;gLfpd;wJ. jpUkzk; Kbe;j gpd; dH ngz; Gf;ffk; nrd;W> jd; fzt- dpd; FLk;gj;jhUld; tho;fpd;whs; (patrilocal). ,j;jifa r%fj;jpl ngz; jd; gpwe;jfj;Jld; neUq;fpa njhlH Gfisg; NgZtJ vd;gJ ,ayhj njhd;W vd;wplyhtpbDk; fbdkhdJ. khwhf> fztd; kidtpapd; CUf;Fr; nrd;W thOk; KiwahdJ xg;gPl;ls tpl ngz;zpw;F ,lywj;jpl rhjfkhd epiyikfs; cUthff; fhuzkhf ,Ug;gJld;> ngz; jdJ ngw;NwhUl Dk;> rNfhjuHfSlDk;> CuhUlDk; jpUkzj;jpw;Fg; gpd;dUk; neUq;fpa cwtpidg; Ngz top nra;fpd;wJ. tpNrlkhf> jha;-kfs; cwT ,jdhl GJg;gupkhzk; va;JfpwJ. Mdhl> ,e;j cwtpid ,yf;fpaq;fs; NgR tJ mupJ.
maithilithayanithy@thaiveedu.com
jha;tPL gj;jpupif gw;wpa tpku;rdq;fis vjpu;ghu;f;fpd;Nwhk;. tpku;rdq;fs; vk;ik Xu; MNuhf;fpakhd ghijapy; ,l;Lr;nry;Yk;.
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