jha;tPL • ngg;gputup February 2017
- 13 - ,urhad je;jpuKk; ,urrh];jpuKk;
MAs;Ntj kUj;Jtf;fiyahdJ vl;L mq;fq;fis (cl;gpupTfis) cil aJ. kUj;Jtj;jpd; midj;Jj;Jiwf- spYk; epGzj;Jtk; ngWtJ vd;gJ xUtupd; tho;ehspy; rhj;jpakhd tpl ak; my;y vd;gjhy; Fwpg;gpl;l xU Jiwapy; kl;Lk; $Ljy; ftdk; nrYj;jp mj;Jiwapy; mtu; epGzj;Jtk; ngWk; tha;g;gpid toq;Fk; Nehf;fpNyNa ,j;jifa gpupTfs; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;Ls; sd vdf; fUjKbAk;. ,jidg; gjp dhwhk; E}w;whz;by; <oj;jpy; Mf;fg; ngw;w MAs;Ntj E}yhd guuhrNrfuk; gpd;tUkhW vLj;Jiuf;fpd;wJ.
,d;dUq;fpue;jk; vl;byf;fk; cs;sjhk; md;dE}y; KOtJk; mwpe;J fw;wpl ,d;dUq; fypAfj;J czu;tpd;whjhypd; gpd;djpw; RUf;fkha;g; gpupj;Jf;fl;bdhd;
MAs;Ntjj;jpd; me;j vl;L mq;fq;fSk; tUkhW. n
fharpfpr;rh je;jpuk; n kUj;Jtk;) - internal medicine
nfskhug;upa je;jpuk; (Foe;ij kUj; Jtk;) - Paediatrics
n
G+jtpjpa je;jpuk; (kdeyf;NfhshW kw;Wk; njhw;Wtpahjp kUj;Jtk;) - the disease caused by evil spirits (psy- chiatry and infectious diseases)
n
mfj je;jpuk; (eQ;RKwpg;G kUj;J tk;) - Toxicology
n
,urhad je;jpuk; (MAs; ePbg;G kw;Wk;cly;tYNkk;ghl;L kUj;Jtk;) - promoting longevity and strength
n
t[Pfuz je;jpuk; (kyl;Lj;jd;ik kw;Wk; Mz;ikf;FiwT kUj;Jtk;) - sterility and aphrodisiacs
n ryhf;fpa je;jpuk; (fz; kw;Wk;
njhz;il> %f;F> fhJ Neha; kUj;Jtk;) - Ophthalmology and the diseases of ear, nose and throat
n
ry;ypa je;jpuk; (mWit kUj;J- tk;) surgery
Muk;gj;jpy; ,Ue;Nj kdpj MAis ePbg;gjw;Fk; cly; MNuhf;fpaj;ijg; NgZtjw;Fk; vd;Nw jdp xU Jiw (,urhad je;jpuk;) MAs;Ntjj;jpy; xJf;fg;gl;bUe;jik ftdj;jpy; nfhs; sg;glNtz;ba xd;whFk;. MAis ePbf;fr; nra;Ak; kUe;Jfs; nghJthf ‘,uhradq;fs;’ vd;W miof;fg;ngw;wd. mfj;jpa ,urhadk;> gpuk;k urhadk;> eurpk;k ,urhadk; vd;gtw;iw ,tw; Wf;F cjhuzkhff; $wyhk;.
ruf rk;`pij> RRUj rk;`pij Nghd;w Guhjd MAs;NtjE}y;fspy; $wg;gLk; MAs;ePbg;G kUe;Jfs; %ypiffis cs;slf;fkhff; nfhz;lit. mG+u;t khff; fpilf;fg;ngWk; xUrpy %yp- iffSf;F kpfePz;l MAisf; nfhLf; Fk; rf;jp ,Ug;gjhfg; Guhjd MAs; Ntjpau; ek;gpdu;. gpUFKdptupd; kf dhfpa rpahtzKdptUf;F ePz;l MA Sk; MNuhf;fpakhd clYk; fpilf; Fk; nghUl;L clypy; G+rpf;nfhs;sf; fhafy;g kUe;njhd;iwAk; cl;nfhs; tjw;Fg; gpwpnjhU ,urhadj;ijAk; m];tpdp Njtu;fs; jahupj;Jf; nfhLj; jjhfr; rg;jghj gpukhzk; vd;Dk; E}y; $Wfpd;wJ.
‘rpahtzg;gpufhrk;’ vd;Dk; ngau;nfhz;l MAis ePbf;Fk; kUe;njhd;wpd; nra; Kiw rufrk;`pijapy; tpsf;fg;gl; Ls;sJ. ,e;j kUe;jpd; gpujhd cs; slf;fq;fSs; xd;W ney;ypf;fdp vd; gijf; ftdpf;fyhk;. mUk;ghLgl;Lg; ngw;Wf;nfhz;l mG+u;tkhd ney;ypf; fdp xd;iw mJ kpf ePz;l MAisj; juf;$baJ vd;gij mwpe;jpUe;Jk;
(cs;Sly;
mjidj; jhd; cz;zhJ xsit vd;Dk; ngz;GytUf;Ff; nfhLj;j mjpakhd; vd;Dk; FWepykd;dd; gw; wpa nra;jpia xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l rq; ffhyg; ghly;fs; tpae;J NgRfpd;wd.
ghy; Giu gpiwEjy; nghype;j nrd;dp ePy kzpkplw;W xUtd; Nghy kd;Df ngUk! ePNa njhd;dpdiyg; ngUkiy tplufj;J mUkpirf;nfhz;l rpwpapiy ney;yp jPq;fdp FwpahJ Mjy; epd;dfj;J mlf;fpr; rhjy; ePq;f> vkf;F <e;jidNa - GwehE}W: 91 xsit ghbaJ
‘... ... ... .... khy;tiu fko; G+Q; rhuy; jPk;fdp xsitf;F <e;j cuT rpdk; fdYk; xsp jpfo; neLNty;
mutf; fly; jhid mjpfDk;’ - rpWghzhw;Wg;gil: 99-103
(ey;Y}u; ej;jj;jdhu; ghbaJ)
md;whl tho;f;iff; flikfisj; jpwk; glr; nra;JKbg;gjw;F MNuhf;fpakhd clk;G mtrpak;. mNj rkak; mwpit tsu;j;Jf;nfhs;sTk; mDgtj;ijg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;sTk;mLj;j jiyKiw apdUf;Fj; jhd; mwpe;jtw;iw mwp aj;juTk; ePz;l MAs; mtrpak;. ,j idj; jkpo;ehl;bd; jiyrpwe;j Nahfp Ak; ePz;lfhyk; capu;tho;e;jtUkhd jpU%yu; jhk; vOjpa jpUke;jpuk; vd; Dk; E}ypy; mofhf tpsf;fpAs;shu;.
clk;ghy; mopapd; capuhy; moptu; jplk;gl nka;Qhdk; NjwTk; khl;lhu; clk;ig tsu;f;Fk; cghak; mwpe;Nj clk;ig tsu;j;Njd; capu; tsu;j;NjNd.
jpU%yu; tho;e;j Vohk; E}w;whz;Lf; fhyg;gFjpapy; MAis ePbf;fitf; Fk; ,uhradq;fs; gw;wpa Ma;tpy; xU jpUg;gKk; jPtpuKk; Vw;gLtijf; fhz;fpNwhk;. mJfhytiu MAis ePbf;fr;nra;Ak; kUe;Jfs; gw;wpa Njly;fs; %ypiffis ikag;gLj;jpNa eilngw;Wte;jd. ,jpy; vjpu;ghu;f;fg; gl;l ntw;wp fpilf;fhj epiyapy; Ma; thsu;fs; khw;Wtopnahd;iwj; Njl Kw;gl;ldu;. rhjhuz ntg;gepiyapy; jputkhff; fhzg;gLk; xNuxU cNyh fkhd ghjurk; ,tu;fSf;F mwpKfg; gLj;jg;gl;lNghJ ,urhadq;fs; gw; wpa Muha;r;rpapy; xU Gjpa ghij jpwe;jJ. ghjurj;ij (mercury) Kd;dp iyg;gLj;jp MAis ePbf;fitf;Fk; ,uhradq;fSf;fhd Njly;fSk; nrk; igg; nghd;dhf;Fk; ,urthjk; (Alchemy) njhlu;ghd ek;gpf;iffSk; ,ize;j ,urrh];jpuk; vdg;gLk; xd;W jhe;jp uPff; Nfhl;ghLfspy; jPtpukhd <LghL nfhz;bUe;j Nahfpfshy; ,e;jpah KOtjpYk; Kd;ndLj;Jr; nry;yg;gl; lJ. jkpo; ehl;bd; jpU%yUk; ,e;j NahfpfSs; xUtuhfNt vz;zg;gL fpd;whu;.
Muk;gj;jpy; MAis ePbf;Fk; %ypifr; rhw;iwf; Fwpf;fg; gad;gl;l ‘,urk;’ vd;Dk; nrhy; gpw;fhyj;jpy; ghjurj;ijf; Fwpg;gjhapw;W. ghjurk; Nru;j;Jj; jah upf;fg;gl;l tpNrlkhd fhafy;gf; Fsp iffspd; JizAld;mopahj cliyg; ngWtJ kl;Lkpd;wpr; nrk;G Nghd;w cNyhfq;fisg; nghd;dhf khw;wTk; KbAk; vd;gJ Nghd;w ,urthj ek;gpf; iffs; Vohk; E}w;whz;Lf;F Kd;d NuNa ,e;jpaj; Jizf;fz;lj;jpy; gu tj;njhlq;fptpl;ld. ,f;fhyg;gFjpapy; tho;e;jpUf;ff;$ba jkpo;ehl;L Nahfp jpU%yUk; ,e;j ,urthjf; nfhs;if gw;wp ed;F mwpe;jpUe;jhu; vd;gJ jpU ke;jpug;ghly; xd;wpd; %yk; njupatU fpd;wJ.
nrk;Gnghd; dhFQ; rptha ekntd;dpw;
E}w;whz;by; ru;f;fiu (rPdp) nra;Ak; njhopy;El;gj;ij ,e;jpahtpy; ,Ue;J rPdu;fs; mwpe;Jnfhz;lhu;fs;. ,f;fh yg;gFjpapy; ,e;jpahtpd; Nahfpfs; gw;wpAk; ,urthjpfs; gw;wpAk; rPdu;fs; mwpe;Jitj;jpUe;jdu;. Ie;jhk; my;yJ Mwhk; E}w;whz;by; fhQ;rpGuj;jpyp Ue;J rPdh nrd;wjhff; $wg;gLk; ngsj;j Jwtpahd Nghjptu;ku; gw;wpa tuyhw;Wf;Fwpg;Gf;fs; gy cz;L. ‘Ythaq;[Papy; (Luoyangil) cs;s klh yaq;fspd; tuyhW’ vd;Dk; E}iy 547k; Mz;by; vOjpa ahd;Rtd;N\ (Yaan Xuanshi) vd;gtu; jhk; Nahq;ePq; (Yong Ning) NfhtpYf;Fr; nrd;wNghJ ghurPfj;jpy; ,Ue;J te;jpUe;j me;epa uhd];uhkzNghjpju;kiur; re;jpj;jjh fTk;mtu; jkf;F 150 tajhfptpl;ljh ff; $wpajhfTk; vOjpitj;Js;shu;.
Vohk; E}w;whz;by; ,d;W cj;jug;gpu Njrk; vd;W miof;fg;ngWk; khepyj; jpy; mike;jpUe;j fd;Ndh[; (Kannauj) vd;Dk; ,lj;ijj; jiyefuhff;nfhz;L Ml;rpnra;j kd;dd; `u;\tu;j;jdd; (Harshavardhana 606-647 CE). ,tdJ fhyj;jpy; rPdhtpy; ,Ue;J ,e;jpahTf;F tUif je;jpUe;j ngsj;j Jwtpahd Athd; Rthd; (Hiuen-Tsang 602-664 CE) ,e;jpahtpy; jhk; fz;lJk; Nfl;l Jk; gw;wp tpupthf vOjpitj;Js;shu;. Nghjprj;Jt ehfhu;[{du; vd;Dk; xU tu; MAis ePbf;Fk; kUe;J nra;tjpy; kpFe;j Mw;wy; ngw;wpUe;jhu; vd;Wk; ,e;j kUe;jpd; %yk; gyE}W Mz;L fs; tho;e;jpUe;jhu; vd;Wk; jhk; Nfs; tpg;gl;ljhf Athd; Rthd; jkJ E}ypy; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shu;. ,e;j ehfhu;[{du; jhk; jahupj;j ,urthj kUe;jpd; rpy Jspfisg; fw;fspy; njspj;J mf;fw; fisg; nghd;dhf khw;wpj; jkJ rk fhy murdpd; epjpg;gw;whf;Fiwiaj; jPu;j;Jitj;jhu; vd;Dk; nrtptopr; nra;jp xd;iwAk; ,tu; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;su;. NkYk; gQ;rhg; khepyj;jpd; tlfpof;Fg;gpuNj rj;jpy; ehfhu;[{dupd; rPld; vd;W jd;id mwpKfg;gLj;jpf;nfhz;l gpuh kzu; xUtiur; re;jpf;f Neupl;ljhfTk; gyE}W tUlq;fs; tajhfptpl;l me;j kdpju; Kg;gJ taJ ,isQidg; Nghy; fhl;rpaspj;jjhfTk; Athd; Rthd;
nrk;Gnghd; dhfj; jpuz;lJ rpw;guQ; nrk;Gnghd; dhFk; rpuPAq; fpuPAnkdr; nrk;Gnghd; dhd jpUtk; gyNk. - jpUke;jpuk;: 883
Ie;jhk; E}w;whz;Lf;Fk; vl;lhk; E}w; whz;Lf;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l gy;ytu; Ml; rpf; fhyj;jpy; rPdhTf;Fk; jkpofj;jpw;Fk; ,ilapy; neUq;fpa murpay;> tu;j;jf kw;Wk; fyhr;rhuj;njhlu;Gfs; Vw;gl;L tpl;ld. gy;yt kd;dd; ,uz;lhk; eu rpk;ktu;kd; (700-728 CE) jdJ rkfhyr; rPdr;rf;futu;j;jpf;F Kk;Kiw jdJ J}Jtu;fis mDg;gp itj;jjhfr; rPdf; Fwpg;Gf;fs; njuptpf;fpd;wd. Vohk;
- ghy. rptflhl;rk; -
vOjpitj;Js;shu;. ghjur kUe;Jfs; gw;wp Athd; Rthd; vJTk; Fwpg;gplhj NghjpYk; ,tiuj; njhlu;e;J fly; khu;f;fkhf ,e;jpah te;j I-rpq; (I- tsing (671-695 AD) vd;Dk; rPd ahj;jp upfu; ,e;jpahtpy; ghjurk; nghWg;gw;w KiwapYk; jtwhd Nehf;fq;fSf;fh fTk; msTf;FkPwpg; gad;gLj;jg;gL tjhff; Fw;wk; rhl;bAs;shu;.
,urthjj;jpy; gpujhdkhd %yg;ngh Ushf ,lk;ngWk; ghjurk; ,e;jpah tpy; fpilg;gjpy;iy. ghjurk; rPdhtpy; ,Ue;J ,wf;Fkjp nra;ag;gl;L jkpof ,urthjpfSf;F mwpKfkhapUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. nrk;igg; nghd;dhf;Fk; ,u rthjk; njhlu;ghd ek;gpf;iffSk; ngUk;ghYk; rPd ,urthjpfs; %ykh fNt jkpo;ehl;L Nahfpfs; mwpe;jpUj; jy;$Lk; vd;W ek;Gtjw;fhd Mjhuq; fs; cs;sd. ,J njhlu;gpy; Nghfu; vd;Dk; ,urthjp (rpj;ju;) xUtu; gw;wpa nrtptopr;nra;jpfs; vkJ ftdj;ij <u;g;gdthf cs;sd.
,w;iwf;F E}W Mz;LfSf;F Kd;du; (1911 CE) ntspte;j eh. fjpuNtw; gps;isapd; jkpo; nkhop mfuhjp vd; Dk; E}ypy; Nghfu; gw;wpf; $wg;gl;Ls; stw;iw mg;gbNa ,q;F jUfpd;Nwd;.
“Nghfu; xU rpj;ju;. rhjpapw; rPdu;> Gj; jrkaj;jtu;> Mrpukj;jhy; Jwtp> ,w; iwf;F Mapuj;jWE}W tU\q;fSf;F Kd;Nd rPd Njaj;jpy; ,Ue;J ghuj tU\j;Jf;F te;J ghlypGuk;> fah Kjypa ,lq;fisj; juprpj;Jf;nfhz;L> jl;rzNjrj;jpYk; Nrho ghz;b ehL fSf;Fr; nrd;W mq;Nf neLq;fhyk; trpj;J Mq;fhq;Fs;s gz;bju;fsp lj;jpy; jhkwpahjtw;iwf; fw;Wk; mt uwpahjitfis mtUf;Ff; fw;gpj;Jk; kPz;Lk; rPdNjrj;ij mile;jtu;. ,t uplj;jpy; itj;jpak; fw;w khzhf;fu; xUtu; mtu; $wpa Kiwfisr; nra; ASUtkhfg; ghbg; Nghfu; E}nydg; ngau; Gupe;jhu;. gpw;fhyj;J itj;jpa gz;bju;fSk; jhkEgtj;jhy; mwpe;j Kiwfisg;ghbf; fhye;NjhWk; me;j E}ypw; GFj;jp tpl;lhufs;. gpwF mr;rp lg;GFe;NjhUk; $l;bAk; jpUj;jpAk; khw;wpAk; mjid mbNahL gpwo itj;jhu;fs;.
Gypg;ghzpnad;gtu; NghfNuhL rPdNj rj;jpypUe;J te;J mtu; kPSk;NghJ mtUld; Nghfhky; jkpo;ehl;bNyNa jq;fptpl;ltu;. mtu;ghlnyd;W cs;s ahTk;mtuhy; ghlg;gl;ldtd;W. mJ Tk; Gul;L E}Nyahk;.”
Nghfu;> Gypg;ghzp MfpNahu; gw;wpa nrtptop nra;jpfSf;F rPdhtpy; fpilf; fg;ngWk; tuyhw;Wg; gjpTfs; XusT tY Nru;g;gdthf cs;sd.
rPdr; rf;futu;j;jpfSs; xUrpyu; ,e; jpa NahfpfsplNk MAis ePbf;fr; nra;Ak; kUe;Jfs; ,Uf;ff;$Lnkd ek;gpdu;. nghJ rfhg;jk; 648k; Mz; by; uhq; (Tang) murtk;rj;ijr; Nru;e;j iuNrhq; (Tai Zong) vd;Dk; rPdr;rf;fu tu;j;jp MAis ePbf;fr;nra;Ak; kUe; Jfs; nra;tjpy; Nju;r;rp ngw;w kUj;J tu; xUtiu ,e;jpahtpy; Njbf;fz;L gpbj;J rPdhTf;Ff; $l;b tUk;gb tq; Rthd;(Wang Xuance) vd;Dk; ngaU ila jdJ jsgjpf;F cj;jutpl;ljh fTk; murdpd; Mizg;gb ,e;jr; rPdj;jsgjp ehuhazrhkp (Naluoer- shapo [mei] vd;Dk; ngaUila gpuh
njhlu;jy; 14k; gf;fk;
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