- 14 - ,urhad je;jpuKk;... 13k; gf;fj; njhlHr;rp...
kz kUj;Jtu; xUtiu rPdhTf;Ff; $l;br; nrd;wjhf rPd tuyhw;Wf; Fwpg;Gfs; njuptpf;fpd;wd. rPdhtpy; jq;fpapUe;jNghJ ,e;j ehuhazrhkp jdf;F 200 taJ Mfptpl;ljhff; $wp ajhfTk; mwpaKbfpd;wJ.
‘ePz;l tho;ehisj; Njb miyNthu; Kl;lhs;fs;’ vd;W Kd;du; xUKiw $wpa iuNrhq; ,e;jpahtpy; ,Ue;J mioj;J tug;gl;l kUj;Jtu; ehuha zrhkp Nky; VNdh ek;gpf;if itj; jhu;. mtUf;F kjpg;Gkpf;f cNyhfq; fSf;fhd mYtyfj;jpy; ,lk; xJf; fg;gl;lJ. kUj;Jtu; Nfl;l nghUs;f nsy;yhk; jilapd;wpf; fpilf;f Mtd nra;ag;gl;lJ. mtu; Nfl;l mG+u;tkhd %ypiffisAk; fw;fisAk; Njbf; nfhz;Ltu ehw;jpirAk; J}Jtu;fs; mDg;gl;ldu;. ,Ue;Jk; vd;d gad;. ,e;jpa kUj;Jtu; ehuhazrhkpapd; kUe;Jfs; rPdg;Nguuriuf; fhg;ghw;w Kbatpy;iy. 649k; Mz;L Nkkhjk; jdJ ehw;gj;njhd;gjhtJ tajpy; Nguuru; iuNrhq; ,we;Jtpl;lhu;. mur uJ ,wg;Gf;F ,e;jpa kUj;Jtupd; kUe;Jfs;jhk; fhuzk; vd;W rPd mjp fhupfs; gyu; Fw;wr;rhl;Lf;fis Kd; itj;jdu;. kUj;Jtu; ehuazrhkpiaj; jpUg;gp mDg;gKbT nra;ag;gl;lJ. vdpDk; Cu; jpUk;Gk; gazj;ijj; njhlq;FKd;dNu kUj;Jtu; ,we;J tpl;lhu;.
iuNrhq;fpd; kfdhfpa Nguuru; ft;R thd; (GaoZong 664-666 CE) fh\;kPupy; ,Ue;J Nyhfhjpj;au; (Lokaditya) vd; Dk; gpuhkz kUj;Jtu; xUtiu rPdh Tf;F tutioj;J MAis ePbf;Fk; kUe;Jfs; nra;Ak; Ntiyia mtup lk; xg;gilf;fj; jPu;khdpj;jhu;. me;j Ntisapy; ek;gpf;iff;Fupa mjpfhup- nahUtu; murdplk; xU Ntz;LNfhis Kd;itj;jhu;. “jq;fSila je;ijapd; capiu ehuhazrhkpahy; fhg;ghw;w Kbatpy;iy. xUtUila MAs; vd; gJ tpjpapdhy; jPu;khdpf;fg;gLtJ. kUe;Jfshy; mjid ePbf;fKbahJ. ,J Fwpj;J jhq;fs; jPtpukhfr; rpe; jpj;J KbntLf;fNtz;Lk;” ,JNt mtuJ tpz;zg;gk;. ,e;j Ntz;L Nfhis mLj;J muru; jkJ Kbig khw;wpf;nfhz;lhu;.
716k; Mz;by; mg;NghjpUe;j rPdg;Ng uuru; Rtd;Nrhq;fplk; (Xuanzong) me; epa ehl;L tpahghup xUtu; mw;Gj khd kUe;Jfisr; nra;Ak; Mw;wy; gilj;j taJ Kjpu;e;j ngz;kzp ,yq;ifapy; ,Ug;gjhff; $wpAs;shu;.
,jidf;Nfl;lTld; muru; jkJ mjp fhupnahUtiu me;j tpahghupAld; $lNt nrd;W me;jg; ngz;kzpia mioj;J tUkhW cj;jutpl;Ls;shu;. me;j mjpfhup murUf;F xU Kiw aPl;Lf;fbjk; vOjpdhu;. “muNr! me; epaehl;L kUe;Jfs; rPdhtpy; Ntiy nra;Ak; vd;gij vg;gbj; jplkhff; $wKbAk;. NkYk; muz;kid tsh fj;jpy; me;epa ehl;L %jhl;bf;F vt; thW ,lk; xJf;fpf; nfhLf;fKbAk;.” vd;W mf;fbjj;jpy; $wg;gl;bUe;jJ. ,jidj; njhlu;e;J rPdg;Nguuru; jkJ Kaw;rpiaf; iftpl;lhu;. vdpDk; ePz;l MAisj; jUk; kUe;Jfs; kPjpyhd rPdg;Nguuru;fspd; Mir njhlu;e;jJ. ghurk; Nru;f;fg;gl;l MAs;ePbg;G kUe; Jfspdhy; capupoe;j kd;du;fspd; gl;baypy; bNrhq; (Dezong 780-805 CE)> \pad;Nrhq; (Xianzong 806-821 CE)> MfpNahu; mlq;Ftu;.
MAis ePbf;Fk; my;yJ nrk;igg; nghd;dhf;Fk; ,urthjf; Fspiffs; njhlu;ghd ek;gpf;iffs; mf;fhyg;g Fjpapy; ‘Nahfpfs;’ vd;W ghkukf;fshy; ,dq;fhzg;gl;Nlhu; kj;jpapNyNa gu tpapUe;jd. ,urthj Nahfpfs; jkJ fz;Lgpbg;Gf;fisj; jkJ Fohj;ijr; Nru;e;jtu;fs; kj;jpapNyNa gupkhwpf; nfhz;ldu;. ghuk;gupa MAs;Ntj ku igg; gw;wp epd;NwhUk; ngUk;ghyhd nghJkf;fSk; ,tw;wpy; ek;gpf;if nfhz;bUf;ftpy;iy. nghJthf ,ur thjk; mwpe;Njhuhfj; jk;ikf; fhl; bf;nfhz;l NahfpfSs; gyu; Vkhw;Wg; Ngu;topfs; vd;gijAk; kf;fs; mwpe;J itj;jpUe;jdu;.
`u;\tu;j;jdd; fhyj;jpy; tho;e;j xU ngUk;Gytu; ghzgl;lu;. ,tuJ fhjk; gup vd;Dk; Gfo;ngw;w rk;];fpUj nkhopf; fhtpaj;jpy; xU fz; FUlhd jkpo; ehl;Lr;rd;dpahrp ghj;jpuKk; ,lk;ngw;Ws;sJ. ‘rpj;jhQ;rdk;’ vd; Dk; kUe;ijf; fz;zpy; G+rpf;nfhz; lhy; epyj;Js; kiwe;jpUf;Fk; Gijay; njd;gLk; vd;W $wpa Nghyp ,urth jpapd; Ngr;ir ek;gp mtd; nfhLj;j ikiaf; fz;zpy; jltpf; nfhz;ljhy; mf;fz; FUlhfg; Ngha;tpl;ljhff; fhjk;gupapy; $wg;gl;Ls;sJ.
mNjrkak; ,d;W ‘rpj;ju;fs;’ vd;Dk; ngauhy; mwpag;gLk; Nahfpfspd; mrhjhuzkhd Mw;wy;fs; Fwpj;j fijfs; md;W njhlf;fk; ,d;W tiu Ngrg;gl;Lk; vOjg;gl;Lk; tUtij kiwf;fKbahJ. nghJrfhg;jk; 13k; E}w;whz;bd; ,Wjpapy; jkpofk; te;j khu;f;NfhNghNyh vd;Dk; ,j;jhypag;
jha;tPL gj;jpupif gw;wpa tpku;rdq;fis vjpu;ghu;f;fpd;Nwhk;. tpku;rdq;fs; vk;ik Xu; MNuhf;fpakhd ghijapy; ,l;Lr;nry;Yk;.
E-mail:
info@thaiveedu.com Fax: 416-849-0594 Tel: 416-646-3422
jha;tPL • ngg;gputup
gazpapd; Nahfpfs; gw;wpa tUzid fUj;jpy; nfhs;sg;glNtz;ba xd;wh Fk;. jkpo;ehl;L Nahfpfs; gw;wpj; jhk; fz;lijAk; Nfl;lijAk; khu;f;Nfh- NghNyh gpd;tUkhW tpgupf;fpd;whu;.
“,e;jg; gpuNjrj;jpy; thOk; kf;fSs; Nahfpfs; vd;W mwpag;gLk; xU kjf; FOtpdu; cs;sdu;. fLikahd JwT khu;f;fj;jpy; <Lgl;Ls;s ,tu;fs; jq; fsJ milahskhd vUjpd; (ee;jp) rpd;dj;ij mzpe;J nfhz;Lk; cly; KOJk; rhk;giyg; G+rpf;nfhz;Lk; jpupthu;fs;. cyu;e;J Nghd fha;fwpfs; kl;LNk ,tu;fsJ czT> vdpDk; RfNjfpahf ePz;l fhyk; tho;fpd; whu;fs;. ,tu;fSl; rpyu; 150 taJf;F NkYk; tho;fpd;whu;fs;. ghjurKk; fe; jfKk; Nru;j;Jj; jahupf;fg;gl;l ,ufrp akhd MAs; ePbg;G kUe;JfNs (longevity pills) ,tu;fsJ ePz;l MA Sf;Ff; fhuzkhFk;” vd;fpwhu; khu;f; NfhNghnyh.
1661k; Mz;by; ,e;jpahtpd; gQ;rhg; khepyj;jpy; tho;e;j Mde;jehju; vd; Dk; Nahfp xUtUf;F nkhfyha kd;dd; mTuq;frPg; (Aurangzeb 1618-1707 CE) jdf;F MAis ePbf;fr; nra;Ak; ghj ur kUe;ijj;jhkjkpd;wp mDg;gpitf; Fk;gb xU fbj%yk; Nfl;Lf;nfhz lJld; me;j Nahfpf;Fg; gupRfSk; mDg;gp itj;jjhf tuyhw;Wf; Fwpg; Gf;fs; njuptpf;fpd;wd.
khu;f;NfhNghNyh cs;spl;l ,e;jpah Tf;F tUif je;j gpwehl;ltu; jhk; vOjpitj;j Fwpg;Gf;fspy; ‘rpj;ju;’ vd; Dk; nrhy;Yf;Fg; gjpyhf ‘Nahfp’ vd; Dk; ngaiuNa gad;gLj;jpapUg;gij mtjhdpf;fKbAk;. gjpdhd;fhk; E}w; whz;Ltiuapyhd fhyg;gFjpapy; ,u rthjk;> Nahfk;> kUj;Jtk; Mfpa Jiw fspy; mwpQu;fshff; fzpf;fg;gl;Nlh iur; ‘rpj;ju;’ vd;Dk; miof;Fk; tof; fk; ,Ue;jpUf;ftpy;iy. jpU%yiuf;$l xU Nahfp vd;Nw Nrf;fpohu; Fwpg;gpL tij Nehf;fyhk;. rpj;ju;> tpj;jpahjuu; vd;nwy;yhk; Guhzq;fspy; $wg;gL gtu;fs; khDlu;fs; my;yu; vd;gijf; fUj;jpy; nfhs;tJ mtrpak;.
nghJ rfhg;jk; 12k; E}w;whz;bd; gpd; dNuNa jhe;jpuPfr;rlq;Ffspy; <LghL nfhz;bUe;j Jwtpfs; jkf;F Kd; Ndhbfshfj; jpfo;e;j FUkhiu ‘rpj; jhr;rhupahu;’ my;yJ ‘rpj;ju;’ vd;W Fwpg;gpLk; tof;fj;ij Muk;gpj;jdu;. ,d;W rpj;ju; ngau;fisj;jhq;fp epw;Fk; ve;j xU E}Yk; 13k; E}w;whz;Lf;F Kw;gl;lfhyj;jpy; Njhd;wpait my;y vd;gJ kdq;nfhsj;jf;fJ.
,urrh];jpuk; njhlu;ghd E}y;fs; gd; dpuz;lhk; E}w;whz;Lf;Fg; gpd;du; rk];fpUj nkhopapy; ntsptuj; njhlq; fptpl;ld. <rDf;Fk; cikf;Fk; eil- ngw;w ciuahly; tbtpy; vOe;j ,u]hu;et (Rasarnava) vd;Dk; vd;Dk; E}Ny ,d;W fpilf;fg;gWk; ,urth jk; njhlu;ghd E}y;fSs; fhyj;jhy; Ke;jpajhFk;. ,e;E}y; 1200k; Mz;l stpy; Njhd;wpapUf;fyhk; vd;gJk; xU CfNkahFk;. ,e;E}iy Mf;fpNahd; ngaUk; mwpag;gltpy;iy. ,jidj;
February 2017
njhlu;e;J ghjurk; Nru;f;fg;ngw;w kUe;Jfs; gw;wpf; $Wk; epj;jpaehjupd; ,uruj;dhfuKk;> Nfhtpe;jhr;rhupaupd; ,uNre;jpu R+lhkzp vd;Dk; E}Yk; 13k; E}w;whz;by; vOjg;gl;bUf;fyhk; vdf; fUjg;gLfpd;wJ. kUj;Jtr;
‘rpj;ju;’
fspd; MAis ePbf;fr;nra;Ak; kUe; Jfs; njhlu;ghd Ma;Tfspd; gydh fNt ghjurk; Kjyhd fdpkq;fs; Nru;f;fg;gl;l Gjpa kUe;Jfs; MAs; Ntj kUj;JtUf;F mwpKfkhapd vd; gij kWg;gjw;fpy;iy. ,e;jj; Jiw apy; jk;ik <LgLj;jpf;nfhz;NlhUf;F rPd kw;Wk; muhgpa kUj;Jtu;fspd; njhlu;Gfs; ngupJk; JizGupe;Js; sd vd;gijAk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sj;jhd; Ntz;Lk;.
jkpo;ehl;Lr;rpj;ju;fs; gl;baypy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;s Nfhuf;fu;> kr;rKdp> fk;g spr; rl;ilKdp vd;Nghu; gjpNdhuhk; gd;dpuz;lhk; E}w;whz;Lfspy; tho;e; jpUj;jy; $Lk; vd;gjw;fhd Mjhuq; fis Ma;thsu;fs; rpyu; Kd;itj; Js;sdu;. ,tu;fs; tho;e;jfhyj;jpy; jpU%yehju;> Nfhuf;fehju;> kr;Nre;jpu ehju;> fhyhq;fpehju;> rl;lehju; vd;W ‘ehju;’ vd;Dk; nfsutg; ngauhy; Rl; lg;gl;ldu;. vdpDk; ,tu;fsJ nga upy; ,d;W fpilf;fg;ngWk; ,urthjk; kw;Wk; kUj;Jtk; njhlu;ghd jkpo; E}y;fs; midj;JNk gjpdhwhk; E}w; whz;Lf;Fg; gpd;du; vOjg;gl;lit ahFk;. jpU%yu;> Nghfu;> Gypg;ghzp> A+fp vd;Nghupd; E}y;fshf mwpag;gLk; E}y;fSk; gjpNdohk; my;yJ gjp- ndl;lhk; E}w;whz;by; Mf;fg;ngw;wd thfNt fhzg;gLfpd;wd. Gfo;ngw;w rpj;ju;fs; kw;Wk; Kdptu;fs; ngau;f spy; gpw;fhyj;jtu; vOjpitj;j E}y; fNs ,it. rpj;ju;fs; vd;W mwpag; gl;Nlhupd; ghjurk; Kjyhd cNyh fq;fs; nfhz;L jahupf;fg;ngw;w kUe; Jfisg; ngUkstpy; gad;gLj;jpa jkpo;ehl;L MAs;Ntj kUj;Jtu;fs; ,f;fhyg; gFjpapNyNa jkJ kUj;J tKiwiar; rpj;jkUj;Jtk; vd;W $wpf;nfhs;s Muk;gpj;jdu;. gjpndl; lhk; E}w;whz;bd; gpw;gFjpapy; jkpo; ehl;bd; kUj;Jtj;Jiwapy; MAs; Ntjk;> rpj;jkUj;Jtk;> Adhdp> Mfpa %d;W gpupTfs; mwpag;gl;bUe;jd vd; gij mf;fhyg;gFjpapy; nld;khu;f; fhydpj;Jt Ml;rpapd; fPo; ,Ue;j juq;fk;ghbapy; gzpahw;wpa T.L.F. Folly vd;Dk; nld;khu;f;ifr; Nru;e;j rj;jpurpfpr;ir epGzu; jkJ Ma;Tf;fl; Liu xd;wpy; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shu;.
crhj;Jiz:
• White, David Gordon (1996), The Alchemical Body: Siddha Traditions in Medieval India, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London.
• Niklas Thode Jensen (2005) The Medical Skills of Malabar Doctors in Tranquebar, India as recorded by Surgeon T.L.F. Folly, 1798 Med. Hist. 2005 October 1; 49 (4): 489-515.
• Tansen Sen, Tansen (2003) Buddhism, Diplomacy,
and Trade: the realignment of sino-indian relations, 600-1400, Association for Asian Studies and University of Hawai’I Press, Homolulu.
Sivakadadcham@thaiveedu.com
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