ANTI-AGEING
Skin longevity from five-flavour berry active
Lauriane Imbert-Roux, Christelle Parchemin, Cécile Garnier, Julien Passelande, Célia Rey, Amandine Rousset, Antoine Gavignaud, Aliénor Berthon, Carine Boutot, Jean-Daniel Abraham, Jean-Yves Berthon – Greentech
Over the centuries, human life expectancy has increased considerably, mainly as a result of medical progress, technological advances and improved living conditions. This increase in life expectancy highlighted certain regions known as ‘blue zones’,1
where people live
exceptionally long and healthy. These areas, such as Okinawa in Japan, Sardinia in Italy and Ikaria in Greece, have become subjects of study for understanding the factors that contribute to human longevity. Besides lifestyle characteristics that
promote longevity, such as regular physical activity, predominantly plant-based diet, moderate alcohol consumption, stress reduction, the individual genome plays a role in slowing down physiological changes, since certain genes, known as longevity genes, tend to be over-expressed in centenarian populations.2 SIRT6 (sirtuin 6) and FOXO3 (Forkhead box 3) are described as longevity genes.3-6
SIRT6
is involved in regulating longevity and DNA repair,7
as well as controlling inflammation via
NFkB (Nuclear factor-kappa B) and oxidative stress via NRF2 (Nuclear Factor, Erythroid 2 Like 2) transcription factors.8,9 The FOXO3 gene belongs to the family of
FOXO genes, which regulates various cellular processes such as cell proliferation, response to oxidative stress and longevity. FOXO3 is particularly linked to the mechanisms of autophagy and mitochondrial function,10
partly under the control of SIRT6.11 Thus, activation of SIRT6 leads to an
improvement in the molecular mechanisms directly responsible for cell longevity, such as proteostasis, autophagy and mitochondrial activity (Figure 1). Maintaining proteostasis has a direct link with longevity;12
it is an essential
mechanism for prolonging the healthy life expectancy of cells, resisting environmental stress and limiting disturbances to the internal balance caused by external factors.13 In fact, when a protein is damaged, it can
be dealt with by three mechanisms: repair by chaperone proteins, degradation by the proteasome or recycling by autophagy.14 Autophagy is an essential catabolic process by which cells degrade and recycle their damaged or useless components. Two main markers of autophagy are LC3 (microtubule-associated protein Light Chain 3) and LAMP2 (Lysosomal- associated membrane protein). LAMP2 is a protein that acts specifically in
www.personalcaremagazine.com and is
the maturation stage of autophagy, whereas LC3 is a general marker of autophagy, found at each stage.15
reducing ROS production and/or activating the expression of antioxidant enzymes.17
An increase in the expression
of these markers is a good indicator of an increase in the efficiency of autophagy. SIRT6 is involved in the regulation of oxidative stress in a variety of tissue cells. Functional and morphological integrity
of mitochondria is necessary to ensure an uninterrupted energy supply. Through various mechanisms such as beta-oxidation, the Krebs cycle and the respiratory chain, the mitochondrion produces adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the fuel of cellular processes.16 This synthesis of ATP is accompanied by the
production of free radicals or reactive oxygen species (ROS) within the mitochondria. When the production of ROS is in equilibrium, thanks to their absorption by antioxidant molecules, there is no harmful effect on the body. On the other hand, an imbalance, linked
to stress or age, will favour a shortening of cell longevity, which can be regulated by
57
The
regulation of mitochondrial activity is therefore a key factor in the control of cell longevity. Various natural products can act on these mechanisms. For example, lignans, which are phenolic molecules, are known to improve cell longevity mechanisms. Their antioxidant properties enable them to capture free radicals and thus prevent oxidative stress in cells.18 Among the lignans, we were interested in schisandrin because this molecule has been shown to induce autophagy and mitochondrial activity while reducing inflammation and oxidative stress.19,20 This molecule is present in large quantities in berries of Schisandra chinensis, a resilient plant that can withstand extreme climatic conditions (very cold winter and temperatures of -30°C).21
In this study, we therefore
demonstrate that an extract of this berry can greatly improve cell longevity by acting on the main mechanisms described above. Importantly, this increased longevity helps to
November 2024 PERSONAL CARE
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