12 | Protect Food in all Phases of Preparation Using HACCP Guidelines Table 12.9 Measuring a Food Temperature
Food Item • Insert the thermometer into geometric center or into thickest portion. • Insert away from the bone, fat, or gristle on a food product. • Insert sideways into small items.
Food Packaging • Fold bag over the thermometer or probe for bulk milk or liquids. • Place between frozen packages of food.
General Guidelines • Wait 5-10 seconds for an accurate reading. • Sanitize thermometer after each use. • Submerge until at least two inches deep in milk and other liquids.
Source: FDA, 2023a
• Cover to retain surface moisture. • Cook to a temperature of at least 165°F in all parts of the food item.
• Allow to stand covered for two minutes before serving to obtain temperature equilibrium.
Proper Holding Temperature for Hold and Cold Foods
Hot Holding Hot foods must be held at 135°F or above (FDA, 2023a). Stir food during holding to redistribute heat throughout the food. Keep food containers covered to retain heat and to prevent environmental contaminants from entering the food.
Steam tables and food warmers are examples of equipment that may be used to retain heat and control food temperatures. Steam tables are not meant to cook foods—only to hold them after cooking. Food warmers, also called “hot boxes,” are usually equipped with an ambient thermometer. Steam tables usually have a temperature control knob but do not measure the actual food temperature.
Measure the food temperature at least every two hours when holding hot foods for service. Table 12.11 in the Supplemental Materials features a sample log for employees to monitor and document either hot or cold holding temperatures. If the food
Putting it
into Practice Refer to the Supplemental Materials for answer.
Foodservice Management—By Design
4. What are some time and temperature records that need to be maintained at a foodservice facility?