SKIN CARE 57 Negative control Placebo pre-treatment 1% Ectoin® pre-treatment


without visible light irradiation


without visible light irradiation


without visible light irradiation


with visible light irradiation


with visible light irradiation


with visible light irradiation Figure 6: MC1R immunostaining of the negative control, placebo and 1% ectoine pre-treatment batch with and without visible light irradiation. both, transient12 as well as long lasting pigmentation in human skin13 . MC1R is a


marker for skin pigmentation and its activation leads to eumelanin production. Visible light increases MC1R content, which consequently leads to pigmentation of the skin. The results of the latest ex vivo study (Fig 6) indicate a reduction of visible light induced melanogenesis due to ectoine pre-treatment. A recent study by Mahmoud et al. suggested that visible light exposure can increase pigmentation in patients with skin photo type IV to VI.14


Based on the latest


study results and its mode of action, it can be assumed that ectoine is well-suited to preventing this phenomenon.


Conclusion


Due to its global skin protection and regenerating efficacy, the extremolyte ectoine became a well-established active ingredient in the past years. Its unique and global anti-pollution activity has been demonstrated in vivo by analysis of barrier lipid oxidisation levels from the skin surface as well as in human lungs, where ectoine reduces inflammations induced by pollution particles. Ectoine´s visible light protection property results in the reduction of the cell`s oxidative stress response to visible light irradiation and the prevention of hyperpigmentation. In addition, the natural amino acid derivate regenerates environmentally irritated skin including the skin barrier function due to its strong anti-inflammatory benefits.


November 2017


In conclusion, ectoine is a multifunctional and safe active ingredient with clinically proven efficacy - very well-suited for cosmetic formulations, which need to match various consumer demands and market trends.


PC


References 1 Lentzen G, Schwarz T. Extremolytes: natural compounds from extremophiles for versatile applications, Applied microbiology and biotechnology 2006; 72(4): 623-634.


2 Galinski EA, Pfeiffer HP, Trüper HG. 1,4,5,6- Tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid. A novel cyclic amino acid from halophilic phototrophic bacteria of the genus Ectothiorhodospira. Eur J Biochem 1985; 149: 135-139.


3 Da Costa MS, Santos H, Galinski EA. An overview of the role and diversity of compatible solutes in Bacteria and Archaea. Biotechnology of extremophiles (117-153). Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998


4 Grether-Beck S, Timmer A, Felsner I, Brenden H, Brammertz D, Krutmann J. Ultraviolet A- induced signalling involves a ceramide- mediated autocrine loop leading to ceramide de novo synthesis. J Invest Dermatol 2005; 125: 545–553


5 Bünger J, Degwert J, Driller H. The protective function of compatible solute Ectoin on the skin, skin cells and its biomolecules with respect to UV-radiation, immunosupression and membrane damage. IFSCC-Magazine 2001; 4(2): 1-6


6 Marini A, Reinelt K, Krutmann J, Bilstein A. Ectoine-containing cream in the treatment of


mild to moderate atopic dermatitis: a randomised, comparator-controlled, intra- individual double-blind, multi-center trial. Skin Pharmacol Physiol. 2014; 27(2):57-65


7 Daniels C. Wie Umweltverschmutzung die Haut malträtiert. CME 2016; 9(1); 55-56.


8 Vierkötter A, Schikowski T, Ranft U et al. Airborne particle exposure and extrinsic skin aging. J Invest Dermatol 2010; 130(12): 2719-26


9 WHO working group. Health aspects of Air pollution with Particulate matter, Ozone and nitrogen dioxide. Bonn, Germany 2003: Regional Office for Europe.


10 Unfried K, Krämer U, Sydlik U, et al. Reduction of neutrophilic lung inflammation by inhalation of the compatible solute ectoine: a randomized trial with elderly individuals. International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 2016; 11(1): 2573—2583


11 Botta C, Di, Giorgio C, Sabatier AS, De Meo M. Genotoxicity of visible light (400-800 nm) and photoprotection assessment of ectoin, L- ergothioneine and mannitol and four sunscreens. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B 2008; 91(1): 24-34


12 Pathak MA, Riley FC, Fitzpatrick TB. Melanogenesis in human skin following exposure to long-wave ultraviolet and visible light. J Invest. Dermatol. 1962; 39: 435–443.


13 Kollias N, Baqer A. An experimental study of the changes in pigmentation in human skin in vivo with visible and near infrared light. Photochemistry and Photobiology 1984; 39(5): 651–659.


14 Mahmoud BH, Hexsel CL, Hamzavi IH, Lim HW. Effects of Visible Light on the Skin. Photochemistry and Photobiology 2008; 84 (2): 450–462


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